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作者：Woodward, Claire H.; Chaudhuri, Apala; Chen, Xiaojing Tina; White, William L.; Garcia, K. Christopher; Baker, David; Sgourakis, Nikolaos G.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Recognition of epitopic peptide antigens presented on class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC- I) proteins by T cell receptors (TCRs) forms the cornerstone of immune surveillance, leading to a plethora of adaptive immune responses. Characterization of TCR:peptide/MHC- I interactions is critical for understanding immune recognition, and developing immunotherapies, but the large variation in docking orientations of TCRs on their peptide/MHC- I targets challenges structural modeling. NMR sp...
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作者：Cumenal, Melissa Delanne-; Defaye, Manon; Cumenal, Ameline Delanne-; Ahmed, Mansoor; Ho, Valerie; Abdullah, Nasser S.; Alhassoun, Mohamad; Svendsen, Kristofer; Mager, Lukas; Schlessinger, Joseph; Hirota, Simon; Altier, Christophe
作者单位：University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; Yale University; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital
摘要：Tumor-infiltrating nerves play a critical role in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Our recent work identified ALKAL2, a ligand for the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) receptor, as a key mediator of inflammatory pain, with its expression significantly elevated in TRPV1+ sensory neurons during inflammation. Here, we explored the regulation of neuronal ALKAL2 in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model. We found that neuronal ALKAL2 is upregulated at early stages of CAC, wh...
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作者：Gao, Yuan; Lee, Dokyun; Burtch, Gordon; Fazelpour, Sina
作者单位：Boston University; Boston University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University
摘要：Recent studies suggest large language models (LLMs) can generate human-like responses, aligning with human behavior in economic experiments, surveys, and political discourse. This has led many to propose that LLMs can be used as surrogates or simulations for humans in social science research. However, LLMs differ fundamentally from humans, relying on probabilistic patterns, absent the embodied experiences or survival objectives that shape human cognition. We assess the reasoning depth of LLMs ...
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作者：Medeiros, Lucas P.; Sorenson, Darian K.; Johnson, Bethany J.; Palkovacs, Eric P.; Munch, Stephan B.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA
摘要：Many dynamical systems can exist in alternative regimes for which small changes in an environmental driver can cause sudden jumps between regimes. In ecology, predicting the regime of population fluctuations under unobserved levels of an environmental driver has remained an unsolved challenge with important implications for conservation and management. Here, we show that integrating time-series data and information on a putative driver into a Gaussian Process regression model for the system's ...
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作者：She, Jia - Xin; Li, Weiqiang; Zhang, Shujuan; Gu, Cheng; Chen, Xiru; Zheng, Hongcen; Xu, Cheng; Liu, Wei
作者单位：Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology & Environment
摘要：Mass-independent isotope fractionation (MIF) enables powerful geochemical tracers for various geological and planetary problems, yet the mechanisms driving MIF for tin (Sn) remain ambiguous. Here, we demonstrate that distinct Sn isotope fractionation signatures were produced during photolysis of organic Sn species (i.e., methyltin) under laboratory UV irradiation and natural sunlight. UV irradiation of methyltin induced pronounced Sn-MIF in all odd Sn isotopes (Delta Sn-115 up to 21.82 parts p...
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作者：Wang, Zhao; Tsang, Alan C. H.
作者单位：University of Hong Kong
摘要：Biological microswimmers exhibit intricate taxis behaviors in response to environmental stimuli and swim in complex trajectories to navigate their environment. How microswimmers respond to stimulus instantaneously, and how adaptation to stimulus influences their long-term behavioral changes, remains largely unclear. Here, we report an oscillatory phototaxis observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at intermediate light intensities, where cells swim back-and-forth under a constant, unidirectional ...
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作者：Vivanco, Isis; Egli, Alexander; Cartwright, Bruce; Marin, Juan F.; Gordillo, Leonardo
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; University of Newcastle; Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana
摘要：The wave-like behavior of matter in quantum physics has spurred insightful analogies between the dynamics of particles and waves in classical systems. In this study, drawing inspiration from synchrotrons that resonate to accelerate ions along a closed path, we introduce a synchrowave: a waveguide designed to generate and sustain traveling water waves within an annular channel. In analogy to unavoidable energy losses in conventional particle accelerators due to electromagnetic radiation and ine...
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作者：Wang, Jiajing; Tang, Yiyi; Zheng, Yunfei; Jiang, Leping; Ma, Xiaolin; Hou, Yanfeng; Sun, Guoping
作者单位：Shanghai University
摘要：The domestication of pigs (Sus scrofa) has had profound socioeconomic and ecological consequences. Although pigs are believed to have been independently domesticated in South China, the timing and initial mechanisms of this process remain debated. This study presents a microfossil analysis of pig dental calculus from two early Neolithic sites (8,200 to 7,000 cal. BP). Analyses of starch, phytolith, and parasite remains indicate that pigs consumed human- associated foods and waste, including co...
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作者：Zhang, Nisi; Seo, Jai Woong; Robinson, Elise; Rivera-Rodriguez, Angelie; Wang, James; Guo, Yutong; Czerwinski, Debra K.; Kim, Ha Rin; Tumbale, Spencer K.; Raie, Marina N.; Jan, Basit L.; Engudar, Gokce; Sallets, Adrienne; Minn, Il; Pomper, Martin G.; Levy, Ronald; Ferrara, Katherine W.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：In situ T cell transfection methods overcome the complexity and high costs associated with conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy. However, the in situ CAR-T cell approach operates within the patient's complex immune environment and bypasses preinfusion ex vivo cellular quality controls, necessitating advanced imaging techniques to track immune cell migration and function. Positron emission tomography (PET) can detect biochemical processes in patients and, when combined with a ...
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作者：Gozzi, Nicolo; Perra, Nicola; Vespignani, Alessandro
作者单位：Northeastern University; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Alan Turing Institute
摘要：Characterizing the feedback linking human behavior and the transmission of infectious diseases (i.e., behavioral changes) remains a significant challenge in computational and mathematical epidemiology. Existing behavioral epidemic models often lack real-world data calibration and cross-model performance evaluation in both retrospective analysis and forecasting. In this study, we systematically compare the performance of three mechanistic behavioral epidemic models across nine geographies and t...
