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作者：Jiang, Mengting; Xu, Youwei; Luan, Xiaodong; Wu, Kai; Li, Zhen; Xu, H. Eric; Zhang, Shuyang; Jiang, Yi; Yin, Wanchao
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作者：Hunt, Robert; Camassa, Roberto; McLaughlin, Richard M.; Harris, Daniel M.
作者单位：Brown University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：The vertical transport of solid material in a stratified medium is fundamental to a number of environmental applications, with implications for the carbon cycle and nutrient transport in marine ecosystems. In this work, we study the diffusion-limited settling of highly porous particles in a density-stratified fluid through a combination of experiment, analysis, and numerical simulation. By delineating and appealing to the diffusion-limited regime wherein buoyancy effects due to mass adaptation...
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作者：Liang, Chun; Zhai, Tian-Ying; Chen, Jin; Fang, Shu; Zhu, Yan; Liu, Li-Man; Yu, Ning; Zhao, Hong-Bo
作者单位：Yale University; University of Kentucky
摘要：Negative feedback of the cochlear efferent system plays a critical role in control of hearing sensitivity and protection from noise trauma. Type II auditory nerves (ANs) innervate outer hair cells (OHCs) in the cochlea and provide an input to the cochlear efferent system to achieve hearing sensitivity controlling and protection; in particular, medial olivocochlear efferent nerves innervate OHCs to control OHC electromotility, which is an active cochlear amplifier in mammals. However, little is...
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作者：Manthey, Christin; Metcalf, C. Jessica E.; Monaghan, Michael T.; Steiner, Ulrich K.; Rolff, Jens
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作者：Richardson, Rekha M. Dhillon-; Haugan, Alexandra K.; Lyons, Luke W.; McKenna, Joseph K.; Bronner, Marianne E.; Martik, Megan L.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; California Institute of Technology
摘要：During vertebrate development, the heart primarily arises from mesoderm, with crucial contributions from cardiac neural crest (CdNC) cells that migrate to the heart and form a variety of cardiovascular derivatives. Here, by integrating bulk and single cell RNA- seq with ATAC- seq, we identify a gene regulatory subcircuit specific to migratory cardiac crest cells composed of key transcription factors egr1, sox9a, tfap2a, and ets1. Notably, we show that cells expressing the canonical neural cres...
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作者：Fan, Zhen; Liston, Aaron; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Ashman, Tia - Lynn; Hummer, Kim E.; Whitaker, Vance M.
作者单位：Zhejiang A&F University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Oregon State University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
摘要：The evolutionary histories of many polyploid plant species are difficult to resolve due to a complex interplay of hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, and missing diploid progenitors. In the case of octoploid strawberry with four subgenomes designated ABCD, the identities of the diploid progenitors for subgenomes C and D have been subject to much debate. By integrating new sequencing data from North American diploids with reticulate phylogeny and admixture analyses, we uncovered introgre...
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作者：Jiang, Qiufen; Wu, Sherry Jingjing; Fishell, Gord; Chen, Chinfei
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
摘要：Refinement of thalamic circuits is crucial for the proper maturation of sensory circuits. In the visual system, this process is regulated by corticothalamic feedback during the experience- dependent phase of development. Yet the cortical circuits modulating this feedback remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate opposing roles for cortical somatostatin during the thalamic sensitive period (P20- 30). Early in the refinement process, SST interneurons promote the strengthening and pruning of retinal i...
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作者：Koster, Raphael; Duenez-Guzman, Edgar A.; Cunningham, William A.; Leibo, Joel Z.
作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind; University of Toronto; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence; University of Toronto
摘要：Theories on group-bias often posit an internal preparedness to bias one's cognition to favor the in-group (often envisioned as a product of evolution). In contrast, other theories suggest that group-biases can emerge from nonspecialized cognitive processes. These perspectives have historically been difficult to disambiguate given that observed behavior can often be attributed to innate processes, even when groups are experimentally assigned. Here, we use modern techniques from the field of AI ...
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作者：Renault, Thomas; Mosleh, Mohsen; Rand, David G.
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Oxford; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We use crowd-sourced assessments from X's Community Notes program to examine whether there are partisan differences in the sharing of misleading information. Unlike previous studies, misleadingness here is determined by agreement across a diverse community of platform users, rather than by fact-checkers. We find that 2.3 times more posts by Republicans are flagged as misleading compared to posts by Democrats. These results are not base rate artifacts, as we find no meaningful overrepresentatio...
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作者：Ganslmeier, Michael; Vlandas, Tim
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of Oxford
摘要：Assessing model uncertainty is crucial to quantitative political science. Yet, most available sensitivity analyses focus only on a few modeling choices, most notably the covariate space, while neglecting to jointly consider several equally important modeling choices simultaneously. In this article, we combine the exhaustive and systematic method of the Extreme Bounds Analysis with the more multidimensional logic underpinning the multiverse approach to develop an approach to sensitivity analyse...
