25期

最新文章

• The brain computes dynamic facial movements for emotion categorization using a third pathway AI翻译
  作者：Yan, Yuening; Zhan, Jiayu; Garrod, Oliver G. B.; Ince, Robin A. A.; Jack, Rachael E.; Schyns, Philippe G.
  作者单位：University of Glasgow; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
  摘要：Emerging theories in cognitive neuroscience propose a third brain pathway dedicated to processing biological motion, alongside the established ventral and dorsal pathways. However, its role in computing dynamic social signals for behavior remains uncharted. Here, participants (N = 10) actively categorized dynamic facial expressions synthesized by a generative model and displayed on different face identities-as happy, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sad-while we recorded their MEG responses. Us...
• Abrupt shift of El Niño periodicity under CO2 mitigation AI翻译
  作者：Iwakiri, Tomoki; Kug, Jong-Seong; Jin, Fei-Fei; Zhao, Sen; An, Soon-Il; Kim, Geon-Il; Park, Dongkyu
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Ochanomizu University; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Yonsei University; University of Toronto
  摘要：Removing CO2 from the atmosphere is emerging as a viable strategy to mitigate global warming, yet the responses of the climate system to CO2 reduction remain uncertain. One of the most uncertain aspects of El Ni & ntilde;o behavior is the change in periodicity in response to CO2 forcing [O. Alizadeh, Earth-Sci. Rev. 235, 104246 (2022)]. In this study, we show that climate models consistently project an abrupt shortening of El Ni & ntilde;o periodicity once CO2 reductions commence in ramp-up an...
• Increased sea-level contribution from northwestern Greenland for models that reproduce observations AI翻译
  作者：Badgeley, Jessica A.; Morlighem, Mathieu; Seroussi, Helene
  作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College
  摘要：State-of-the-art ice sheet model simulations used in the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (ISMIP) that informs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change tend to underestimate observed mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet, leading to the question of whether future sea-level rise may be larger than projected. We use one of these models, the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model, to investigate how transient calibration impacts historical and projection simulations. Transient calibrat...
• Monocytes use protrusive forces to generate migration paths in viscoelastic collagen-based extracellular matrices AI翻译
  作者：Adebowale, Kolade; Allan, Cole; Ha, Byunghang; Saraswathibhatla, Aashrith; Zhu, Junqin; Indana, Dhiraj; Popescu, Medeea C.; Demirdjian, Sally; Martinez, Hunter A.; Esclamado, Alex; Yang, Jin; Bassik, Michael C.; Franck, Christian; Bollyky, Paul L.; Chaudhuri, Ovijit
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Stanford University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
  摘要：Circulating monocytes are recruited to the tumor microenvironment, where they can differentiate into macrophages that mediate tumor progression. To reach the tumor microenvironment, monocytes must first extravasate and migrate through the type-1 collagen rich stromal matrix. The viscoelastic stromal matrix around tumors not only stiffens relative to normal stromal matrix, but often exhibits enhanced viscous characteristics, as indicated by a higher loss tangent or faster stress relaxation rate...
• Single antisense oligonucleotides correct diverse splicing mutations in hotspot exons AI翻译
  作者：Duan, Chaorui; Rong, Stephen; Buerer, Luke; Neil, Christopher R.; Zhong, Yu; Lyu, Zhuoyang; Savatt, Juliann M.; Strande, Natasha T.; Fairbrother, William G.
  作者单位：Brown University; Brown University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); Imperial College London; Brown University
  摘要：Mutations that impact splicing play a significant role in disease etiology but are not fully understood. To characterize the impact of exonic variants on splicing in 71 clinically actionable disease genes in asymptomatic people, we analyzed 32,112 exonic mutations from ClinVar and Geisinger MyCode using a minigene reporter assay. We identify 1,733 splice-disrupting mutations, with the most extreme variants likely being deleterious. We report that these variants are not distributed evenly acros...
• An ancient origin of the naked grains of maize AI翻译
  作者：Fairbanks, Regina A.; Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：Adaptation to novel environments requires genetic variation, but whether adaptation been long used as a model to understand evolutionary processes, providing information not only on the phenotypes selected but also, in many cases, an understanding of the causal loci. For each of the causal loci that have been identified in maize, the selected allele can be found segregating in natural populations, consistent with their origin as standing genetic variation. The sole exception to this pattern is...
• Evolving general cooperation with a Bayesian theory of mind AI翻译
  作者：Kleiman-Weiner, Max; Vientos, Alejandro; Rand, David G.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Theories of the evolution of cooperation through reciprocity explain how unrelated self-interested individuals can accomplish more together than they can on their own. The most prominent theories of reciprocity, such as tit-for-tat or win-stay-lose-shift, are inflexible automata that lack a theory of mind-the human ability to infer the hidden mental states in others' minds. Here, we develop a model of reciprocity with a theory of mind, the Bayesian Reciprocator. When making decisions, this mod...
• Combined targeting of PRDX6 and GSTP1 as a potential differentiation strategy for neuroblastoma treatment AI翻译
  作者：Liano-Pons, Judit; Garde-Lapido, Elisa; Fahrig, Fenja L.; Jackering, Merle; Yuan, Ye; Andersson, Stina; Schort, Lea; Esteve, Maria; Mohlin, Sofie; Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C.; Arsenian-Henriksson, Marie
  作者单位：Karolinska Institutet; Lund University; Lund University; Lund University; Karolinska Institutet; Orebro University; Lund University
  摘要：Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous childhood cancer, characterized by the amplification of the MYCNoncogene in 40% of the high-risk cases. Our previous work demonstrated that MYCN drives metabolic reprogramming in NB, including upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Here, we identify peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as a promising therapeutic target in NB. Pharmacological inhibition of PRDX6 reduces MYCN levels, induces apoptosis, and promotes neuronal differentiation accompanied by lipid droplet accu...
• A distinct LHCI arrangement is recruited to photosystem I in Fe- starved green algae AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Helen W.; Khera, Radhika; Grob, Patricia; Gallaher, Sean D.; Purvine, Samuel O.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Lipton, Mary S.; Niyogi, Krishna K.; Nogales, Eva; Iwai, Masakazu; Merchant, Sabeeha S.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：Iron (Fe) availability limits photosynthesis at a global scale where Fe-rich photosystem (PS) I abundance is drastically reduced in Fe-poor environments. We used single-particle cryoelectron microscopy to reveal a unique Fe starvation-dependent arrangement of light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) proteins where Fe starvation-induced TIDI1 is found in an additional tetramer of LHC proteins associated with PSI in Dunaliella tertiolecta and Dunaliella salina. These cosmopolitan green algae are resil...
• Large language models show amplified cognitive biases in moral decision-making AI翻译
  作者：Cheung, Vanessa; Maier, Maximilian; Lieder, Falk
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：As large language models (LLMs) become more widely used, people increasingly rely on them to make or advise on moral decisions. Some researchers even propose using LLMs as participants in psychology experiments. It is, therefore, important to understand how well LLMs make moral decisions and how they compare to humans. We investigated these questions by asking a range of LLMs to emulate or advise on people's decisions in realistic moral dilemmas. In Study 1, we compared LLM responses to those ...