25期

最新文章

• Social influence during public crises: Weekly dynamics and adaptive patterns of conformity to the collective following the COVID-19 outbreak AI翻译
  作者：Ge, Xiaoyu; Hou, Yubo
  作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Alibaba Group
  摘要：Regional collectivism has been observed to contribute to better coping with public crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study poses a reverse question: Does the eruption of public crises increase people's conformity to the collective? To answer this question, we analyzed real-world transactions on Taobao (the largest e-commerce platform in China), each with a purchase decision and a list of candidates considered before purchasing. Conformity to the collective was measured using two indic...
• Fossil fuel methane emissions likely underestimated in a model based on atmospheric δ13C trends AI翻译
  作者：Uveges, Benjamin T.; Howarth, Robert W.; Sparks, Jed P.
  作者单位：Cornell University
• Conserving the beauty of the world's reef fish assemblages AI翻译
  作者：McLean, Matthew; Mouillot, David; Langlois, Juliette; Arif, Suchinta; Bejarano, Sonia; Casajus, Nicolas; Edgar, Graham J.; Flandrin, Ulysse; Guilhaumon, Francois; Judah, Aaron B.; Loiseau, Nicolas; MacNeil, M. Aaron; Maire, Eva; Stuart-Smith, Rick D.; Mouquet, Nicolas
  作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Wilmington; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Montpellier; Ifremer; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Dalhousie University; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Zentrum fur Marine Tropenforschung (ZMT); University of Tasmania; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Ifremer; University of La Reunion; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Dalhousie University; Lancaster University
  摘要：On shallow rocky and coral reefs, cultural and recreational values, like aesthetics, are critical aspects of Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) that support human well- being and provide billions of dollars in tourism revenue. Quantifying the aesthetic value of reef ecosystems and uncovering the conditions that enhance it could support NCP- based management. Here, we combine a global dataset of reef fish surveys, species- level aesthetic values, and causal modeling to assess the global sta...
• Information rate of meaningful communication AI翻译
  作者：Sivan, Doron; Tsodyks, Misha
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Institute for Advanced Study - USA
  摘要：In Shannon's seminal paper, the entropy of printed English, treated as a stationary stochastic process, was estimated to be roughly 1 bit per character. However, considered as a means of communication, language differs considerably from its printed form: i) the units of information are not characters or even words but clauses, i.e., shortest meaningful parts of speech; and ii) what is transmitted is principally the meaning of what is being said or written, while the precise phrasing that was u...
• Synonymous edits in the Escherichia coli genome have substantial and condition-dependent effects on fitness (vol 121, e2316834121, 2024) AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Dong-Dong; Rusch, Leo M.; Widney, Karl A.; Morgenthaler, Andrew B.; Copley, Shelley D.
• Gut microbiome and host TOR pathway interact to regulate predator-induced aversive memory in Drosophila melanogaster AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Hao- Yu; Wu, Po- Sheng; Li, Zong- You; Liu, You- Cheng; Yeh, Sheng- Rong; Duan, Bi Chun; Chen, Kai Wen; Hsu, Chen Chih; Chiu, Yen- Ling; Lee, Wang- Tso; Fan, Shou- Zen; Wang, Pei - Yu
  作者单位：National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University Hospital; National Taiwan University; Far Eastern Memorial Hospital; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Taiwan University; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Taipei Medical University
  摘要：The gut microbiome has emerged as a key factor influencing a wide range of host physiological processes and behaviors, though the mechanisms behind these effects remain only partially understood. In this study, we explored the role of the gut microbiome in memory regulation using a parasitoid wasp-induced oviposition depression paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster. Our findings show that flies with depleted gut microbiota, either through axenic culture or antibiotic treatment, exhibited signifi...
• Perceptual interventions ameliorate statistical discrimination in learning agents AI翻译
  作者：Duenez-Guzman, Edgar A.; Comanescu, Ramona; Mao, Yiran; Mckee, Kevin R.; Coppin, Ben; Sadedin, Suzanne; Chiappa, Silvia; Vezhnevets, Alexander S.; Bakker, MichielA.; Bachrach, Yoram; Isaac, William; Tuyls, Karl; Leibo, Joel Z.
  作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind
  摘要：Choosing social partners is a potentially demanding task which involves paying attention to the right information while disregarding salient but possibly irrelevant features. The resultant trade-off between cost of evaluation and quality of decisions can lead to undesired bias. Information-processing abilities mediate this trade-off, where individuals with higher ability choose better partners leading to higher performance. By altering the salience of features, technology can modulate the effe...
• Increased frequency of planetary wave resonance events over the past half- century AI翻译
  作者：Li, Xueke; Mann, Michael E.; Wehner, Michael F.; Christiansen, Shannon
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：We demonstrate a tripling in the frequency of planetary wave resonance events over the past halfcentury, coinciding with the rise in persistent boreal summer weather extremes. This increase aligns with changes in the underlying climate conditions favoring these events, including amplified Arctic warming and land-sea thermal contrast. We also observe increased prevalence of resonant amplification events following the mature phase of strong El Ni & ntilde;o events, suggesting that such events ma...
• Deep mechanism design: Learning social and economic policies for human benefit AI翻译
  作者：Tacchetti, Andrea; Koster, Raphael; Balaguer, Jan; Leqi, Liu; Pislar, Miruna; Botvinick, Matthew M.; Tuyls, Karl; Parkes, David C.; Summerfield, Christopher
  作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; DeepMind; Google Incorporated; Princeton University; University of London; University College London; Yale University; Harvard University; University of Oxford
  摘要：Human society is coordinated by mechanisms that control how prices are agreed, taxes are set, and electoral votes are tallied. The design of robust and effective mechanisms for human benefit is a core problem in the social, economic, and political sciences. Here, we discuss the recent application of modern tools from AI research, including deep neural networks trained with reinforcement learning (RL), to create more desirable mechanisms for people. We review the application of machine learning...
• Humans program artificial delegates to accurately solve collective-risk dilemmas but lack precision AI翻译
  作者：Terrucha, Ines; Domingos, Elias Fernandez; Suchon, Remi; Santos, Francisco C.; Simoens, Pieter; Lenaerts, Tom
  作者单位：Ghent University; Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Universite Catholique de Lille; Universidade de Lisboa; Universidade de Lisboa; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：In an era increasingly influenced by autonomous machines, it is only a matter of time before strategic individual decisions that impact collective goods will also be made virtually through the use of artificial delegates. Through a series of behavioral experiments that combine delegation to autonomous agents and different choice architectures, we pinpoint what may get lost in translation when humans delegate to algorithms. We focus on the collective-risk dilemma, a game where participants must...