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作者：Szukalo, Ryan J.; Giovambattista, Nicolas; Debenedetti, Pablo G.
作者单位：Princeton University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Brooklyn College (CUNY); Princeton University
摘要：The molecular origins of water's anomalous properties have long been a subject of scientific inquiry. The liquid-liquid phase transition hypothesis, which posits the existence of distinct low-density and high-density liquid states separated by a first-order phase transition terminating at a critical point, has gained increasing experimental and computational support and offers a thermodynamically consistent framework for many of water's anomalies. However, experimental challenges in avoiding c...
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作者：Beechey-Newman, Ilaria; Kizilova, Natalya; Hennig, Andreas Andersen; Flekkoy, Eirik Crude; Eiser, Erika
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Warsaw University of Technology; University of Oslo; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University of Cambridge
摘要：During drying, particle-laden sessile droplets will leave so-called coffee-stain rings behind. This phenomenon is well known and well understood (Deegan et al., Nature 389, 827-829 (1997). Here, we show that when particle-laden droplets confined in a slit are allowed to evaporate very slowly, they do not deposit coffee rings, but form surprisingly intricate, circular maze-like patterns. We present experiments that illustrate this pattern formation and discuss the factors that determine when su...
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作者：Yanaka, Saeko; Sakae, Yoshitake; Miyanoiri, Yohei; Yamaguchi, Takumi; Isono, Yukiko; Kondo, Sachiko; Iwasaki, Miyuki; Onitsuka, Masayoshi; Yagi, Hirokazu; Kato, Koichi
作者单位：National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; The Exploratory Research Center on Life & Living Systems (ExCELLS); National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; Research Organization for Information Science & Technology (RIST); University of Osaka; Japan Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (JAIST); Nagoya City University; Tokushima University
摘要：We investigate the impact of glycoform alterations on the dynamic structure of the human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc region using integrated computational and experimental approaches. Four distinct IgG1-Fc glycoforms, varying in core fucosylation and nonreducing terminal galactosylation, were generated through a combination of cell engineering and in vitro enzymatic reactions. Stable-isotope-assisted NMR spectroscopy, incorporating both glycan and protein signals, revealed that galactosylation...
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作者：Nematullah, Mohammad; Fatma, Mena; Zhou, Guoli; Prajapati, Bharat; Rashid, Faraz; Ayasolla, Kameshwar; Ahmed, Mohammad Ejaz; She, Ruicong; Mir, Sajad; Zahoor, Insha; Hoda, Nasrul; Rattan, Ramandeep; Giri, Shailendra; Steinman, Lawrence
作者单位：Henry Ford Health System; Henry Ford Hospital; Michigan State University; University of Gothenburg; Henry Ford Health System; Henry Ford Hospital; Henry Ford Health System; Henry Ford Hospital
摘要：Pathogenic Th17 cells play crucial roles in CNS autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), but their regulation by endogenous mechanisms remains unknown. Through RNA-seq analysis of primary brain glial cells, we identified immune-responsive gene 1 (Irg1) as one of the highly upregulated genes under inflammatory conditions. Validation in the spinal cords of animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical MS model, confirmed elevated Irg1 levels in myeloid, ...
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作者：Shevkar, Prafulla P.; Samuel, Roshan J.; Zinchenko, Georgy; Bode, Mathis; Schumacher, Jorg; Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.
作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Research Center Julich; New York University; New York University Tandon School of Engineering; New York University
摘要：The link between characteristic coherent structures and their statistical properties in turbulent flows remains largely unclear and is thus a central bottleneck for a better understanding of turbulent flows. Here, we demonstrate this link for the important problem of thermal convection. We show how the hierarchical plume network in the near-wall region of the flow, which becomes increasingly sparse with increasing distance away from the wall, is connected to the marginal stability of the therm...
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作者：van Wee, Raman; Asor, Roi; Li, Yiwen; Drechsel, David; Popova, Mariia; Litos, Gabriele; Davidson, Iain F.; Peters, Jan -Michael; Kukura, Philipp
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP); Vienna Biocenter (VBC)
摘要：DNA loop extrusion by cohesin has emerged as a critical pathway for chromosome organization. In vitro single-molecule experiments indicate that loop extrusion requires the assembly of a heteropentameric complex consisting of the SMC1/SMC3 heterodimer, STAG1, NIPBL, and the kleisin SCC1. The complexity of the complete extrusion machinery, consisting of multiple subunits, DNA binding sites, and ATPases poses substantial challenges for revealing the underlying biomolecular mechanism. As a result,...
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作者：Andorfer, Mary C.; Levitz, Talya S.; Liu, Jian; Chakraborty, Ankush; King-Roberts, Devin T.; Nweneka, Delight; Imrich, Christa N.; Drennan, Catherine L.
作者单位：Michigan State University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：X-succinate synthases (XSSs) are glycyl radical enzymes (GREs) that catalyze the addition of hydrocarbons to fumarate via radical chemistry, thereby activating them for microbial metabolism. To date, the only structurally characterized XSS is benzylsuccinate synthase (BSS), which functionalizes toluene. A distinct subclass ofXSSs acts on saturated hydrocarbons, which possess much stronger C(sp3)-H bonds than toluene, suggesting mechanistic and structural differences from BSS. Here, we use cryo...
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作者：Toyomoto, Masayasu; Kurihara, Takashi; Nakagawa, Takayuki; Inoue, Asuka; Kimura, Ryo; Kii, Isao; Sawada, Teruo; Ogihara, Takashi; Nagayasu, Kazuki; Kishi, Takayuki; Onogi, Hiroshi; Im, Dohyun; Asada, Hidetsugu; Iwata, So; Taguchi, Jumpei; Sumida, Yuto; Yoshida, Suguru; Aoki, Junken; Hosoya, Takamitsu; Hagiwara, Masatoshi
作者单位：Kyoto University; Kyoto University; Kyoto University; Kyoto University; Kagoshima University; Wakayama Medical University; Kyoto University; Tohoku University; Kyoto University; University of Osaka; Shinshu University; Kobe University; Kyoto University; Kyoto University; Institute of Science Tokyo; Tokyo University of Science; University of Tokyo
摘要：Noradrenaline is a major monoaminergic neurotransmitter involved in pain modulation through an alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor. Hence, alpha 2-adrenergic agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine exhibit analgesic and opioid-sparing effects. However, their use is restricted to hospital settings due to potential risks of acute hypertension/ hypotension and bradycardia. Here, we report that (Z)-1-(3-ethyl-5-fluorobenzo[d] thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)propan-2-one [adrenergic inducer of analgesia (ADR...
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作者：Elser, James J.; Klip, Helena C. L.
作者单位：University of Montana System; University of Montana
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作者：Gavrilets, Sergey; Seabright, Paul
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：People and cultures differ in the extent to which they view the world as a zero-sum environment (where one person's gain is another's loss) or a positive-sum environment (where certain actions can benefit everyone). These beliefs shape individuals' willingness to work, invest, collaborate, or show hostility toward out-groups, and accept or reject various social policies. We model dyadic interactions in a heterogeneous population where individuals biased toward a zero-sum worldview are more lik...
