2025

最新文章

• Global profiling of polyketide synthases in facultative multicellular eukaryotes AI翻译
  作者：Gunther, Markus; Herbst, Rosa; Ueberschaar, Nico; Hildebrandt, Daniela; Reimer, Lisa; Stallforth, Pierre
  作者单位：Leibniz Association; Hans Knoll Institute (HKI); Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
  摘要：Polyketides represent a structurally diverse class of natural products with a wide range of biological functions, including antimicrobial activity, defense responses, developmental regulation, pigmentation, and intercellular and intracellular communication signals. The the specific and collective functions remain poorly understood. PKSs require activation by the phosphopantetheinyl transferase DiSfp, which converts inactive apoenzymes into functional holo forms. Disruption of the DiSfp gene ab...
• LHFPL5 is required for maximal activation of the mechanotransduction channel in cochlear hair cells AI翻译
  作者：Qiu, Xufeng; Llongueras, Jose P.; Yin, Lili; Cunningham, Christopher; Muller, Ulrich
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
  摘要：Mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channels in cochlear hair cells are gated by tip links through a mechanism that is poorly defined. LHFPL5 interacts with the tip-link component PCDH15 and the MET-channel component TMC1, suggesting that LHFPL5 regulates channel activation by mechanical force. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed MET in hair cells from mice expressing an LHFPL5 mutant protein lacking three N-terminal amino acids. These mutant mice suffer from recessive deafness, and MET is d...
• An all-sky light pollution model for global-scale applications that embraces a full range of cloud distributions AI翻译
  作者：Kocifaj, Miroslav; Falchi, Fabio; Kundracik, Frantisek
  作者单位：Slovak Academy of Sciences; Institute of Constrution and Architecture, SAS; Comenius University Bratislava
  摘要：Light pollution has been traditionally modeled using clear or completely overcast conditions. Usually, atmospheric conditions are more complex and involve variable cloudiness. To predict light pollution in a realistic atmosphere, we developed a model for computing the artificial night sky brightness over the sky hemisphere, considering the presence of different types of clouds and the cloud fraction. The model is applied to the city of & Zcaron;ilina, Slovakia, which has moderate levels of lig...
• Glycosaminoglycans activate peptidylarginine deiminase 4 by enhancing calcium affinity AI翻译
  作者：Bereta, Grzegorz P.; Bielecka, Ewa; Marzec, Karolina; Pijanowski, Lukasz; Biela, Artur P.; Wilk, Piotr; Kaminska, Marta; Nowak, Jakub; Wilk, Elzbieta Wator -; Grudnik, Przemyslaw; Kowalczyk, Dominik; Koziel, Joanna; Mydel, Piotr; Poreba, Marcin; Kantyka, Tomasz
  作者单位：Jagiellonian University; Jagiellonian University; Jagiellonian University; University of Bergen; Wroclaw University of Science & Technology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis & Surface Chemistry
  摘要：Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by abnormal protein modifications. These include citrullination of arginine residues by the calcium- activated enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). However, calcium in body fluids may not fully activate PAD4, suggesting the potential involvement of other activators. In this study, we investigated the ability of glycosaminoglycans (a class of negatively charged polysaccharides) to modulate PAD4 activity. We found that model gl...
• Reevaluation of whether histones are asymmetrically segregated during asymmetric divisions of stem cells in Drosophila AI翻译
  作者：Li, Anqi; Tong, Dong; Ohlstein, Benjamin; Guo, Zheng
  作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Recent work suggests that asymmetric segregation of preexisting and newly synthesized canonical histone 3.1 (H3.1), but not variant histone 3.3A (H3.3A), plays an important role in the asymmetric outcome of Drosophila germline stem cell (GSC) and intestinal stem cell (ISC) divisions. However, this finding relied on the Gal4/ UAS system and Flp-out technology to swap expression of exogenous fluorescent proteins-an approach that decouples H3.1 expression from the cell cycle and may be prone to a...
• Linker histone regulates the myeloid versus lymphoid bifurcation of multipotent hematopoietic stem and progenitors AI翻译
  作者：Karatepe, Kutay; Faria, Bruna Mafra De; Zhang, Jian; Chen, Xinyue; Pinto, Hugo; Fyodorov, Dmitry; Sefik, Esen; Willcockson, Michael A.; Flavell, Richard A.; Skoultchi, Arthur I.; Guo, Shangqin
  作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Montefiore Medical Center; Yeshiva University; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Yale University
  摘要：Myeloid-biased differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) occurs with aging or exhaustion. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for this fate bias remain unclear. Here, we report that linker histone regulates HSPC fate choice at the lymphoid versus myeloid bifurcation. Linker histones package nucleosomes and compact chromatin. HSPCs expressing a doxycycline (dox)-inducible H1.0 transgene favor the lymphoid fate, display strengthened nucleosome organization...
• A national randomized controlled trial of the impact of public Montessori preschool at the end of kindergarten AI翻译
  作者：Lillard, Angeline S.; Loeb, David; Berg, Juliette; Escueta, Maya; Manship, Karen; Hauser, Alison; Daggett, Emily D.
  作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Pennsylvania; American Institutes for Research
  摘要：Although seminal studies from the early 1960s suggested quality preschool can have lasting positive effects, agreement is lacking on the efficacy of different preschool models. The Montessori model is longstanding but lacks rigorous impact studies; prior random lottery studies included just one or two schools, among other compromises. Here, we report on end-of-kindergarten (age 5 to 6) impacts from a national study of public Montessori preschool. We compared children offered a Montessori seat ...
• Optimal disk packing of chloroplasts in plant cells AI翻译
  作者：Schramma, Nico; Weeks, Eric R.; Jalaal, Maziyar
  作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Emory University
  摘要：Photosynthesis is essential for ecosystem survival, but while plants require light, via self-organized motion within cells to optimize light absorption. These disk-shaped organelles must balance two competing needs: dense packing to enhance absorption under dim light and rapid spatial rearrangement to avoid damage from excess light. Using microscopy, we show that plant cell shape and chloroplast size achieve both goals: dense monolayer packing for optimal absorption in low light and sidewall p...
• High-resolution geostationary satellite observations of free tropospheric NO2 over North America and implications for lightning emissions AI翻译
  作者：Dang, Ruijun; Jacob, Daniel J.; Wang, Huiqun; Nowlan, Caroline R.; Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez; Chong, Heesung; Liu, Xiong; Shah, Viral; Yang, Laura H.; Oak, Yujin J.; Marais, Eloise A.; Horner, Rebekah P.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Crawford, James H.; Li, Ke; Liao, Hong
  作者单位：Harvard University; Smithsonian Institution; Harvard University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Morgan State University; University of London; University College London; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Langley Research Center; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology
  摘要：Free tropospheric (FT) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plays a critical role in atmospheric oxidant chemistry as a source of tropospheric ozone and of the hydroxyl radical (OH). It also contributes significantly to satellite-observed tropospheric NO2 columns, which should be considered when using these columns to quantify surface emissions of nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx equivalent to NO + NO2). But large uncertainties remain in the sources and chemistry of FT NO2 because observations are sparse. Here,...
• Sex differences in healthy brain aging are unlikely to explain higher Alzheimer's disease prevalence in women AI翻译
  作者：Ravndal, Anne; Fjell, Anders M.; Vidal-Pineiro, Didac; Sorensen, Oystein; Falcha, Emilie S.; Kropiunig, Julia; Garrido, Pablo F.; Roe, James M.; Alatorre-Warren, Jose- Luis; Sneve, Markus H.; Bartres-Faz, David; Leone, Alvaro Pascual-; Brandmaier, Andreas M.; Duzel, Sandra; Kuhn, Simone; Lindenberger, Ulman; Nyberg, Lars; Watne, Leiv Otto; Henson, Richard N.; Walhovd, Kristine B.; Grydeland, Hakon
  作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Oslo; University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; IDIBAPS; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Hebrew SeniorLife; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Hebrew SeniorLife; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Max Planck Society; University of Hamburg; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Max Planck Society; Umea University; Umea University; Umea University; University of Oslo; University of Oslo; University of Cambridge; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC)
  摘要：As Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed more frequently in women, understanding the role of sex has become a key priority in AD research. However, despite aging being the primary risk factor for AD, it remains unclear whether men and women differ in the extent of brain decline with age. Using 12,638 longitudinal brain MRIs from 4,726 participants aged 17 to 95 y across 14 cohorts, we examined sex differences in structural brain changes over time, controlling for differences in head size. Men ...