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作者：Arndt, M; Bigelow, B
作者单位：Clark University
摘要：This paper examines the earliest boundary work for a female-dominated occupation that portrayed men rather than women as the appropriate practitioners. According to the concept of gender primacy, men would not enter a female-dominated occupation in large numbers because it is associated with gender essentialism. Hospital administration is one of the rare female occupations that did masculinize. Our analysis of archival texts on hospital administration in the early 1900s describes that in estab...
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作者：Jensen, M
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This study focuses on the roles of interfirm ties and network status in firms gaining access to customers in newly entered markets, examining whether these network resources are transferable and therefore can be deployed outside the market in which they originated. The role of market ties and network status is examined in a comprehensive longitudinal sample of commercial banks' entry into investment banking from 1991 to 1997. Results show that though market ties and network status facilitate m...
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作者：Mehra, A; Kilduff, M; Brass, DJ
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Kentucky
摘要：This article examines how different personality types create and benefit from social networks in organizations. Using data from a 116-member high-technology firm, we tested how self-monitoring orientation and network position related to work performance. First, chameleon-like high self-monitors were more likely than true-to-themselves low self-monitors to occupy central positions in social networks. Second, for high (but not for low) self-monitors, longer service in the organization related to...
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作者：Pratt, MG
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：An ethnographic study of distributors for Amway, a network marketing organization, examines the practices and processes involved in managing members' organizational identification. It shows that this organization manages identification by using two types of practices: sense-breaking practices that break down meaning and sense-giving practices that provide meaning. When both sense-breaking and sense-giving practices are successful, members positively identify with the organization. When either ...
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作者：Dyck, B; Starke, FA
作者单位：University of Manitoba
摘要：Two qualitative studies examined the processes leading to the formation of breakaway organizations, which result when groups leave existing organizations to form new organizations. In the first study, analysis of interviews at 11 organizations in which group exit occurred revealed that the process unfolded in six stages: relative harmony, idea development, change, resistance, intense conflict, and exit. Five trigger events-introduction of conflicting ideas, legitimizing them, alarm, polarizati...
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作者：Ashcraft, KL
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：The ethnographic study reported here examines executive maternity leave as a succession event that manifests: itself in a novel transition pattern that I term temporary executive succession. in a study of one entrepreneurial firm, I investigated what happens when a founder takes a maternity leave, specifically, how the initiating force of maternity influences the event and how members respond to a breach in feminine leadership. The ethnographic analysis revealed an emergent leadership change i...
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作者：Farh, JL; Earley, PC; Lin, SC
作者单位：University of London; London Business School; National Cheng Kung University
摘要：To understand variations in citizenship behavior within a culture, we examine the relationship between citizenship behaviors and organizational justice in two studies in a Chinese context, using two cultural characteristics (traditionality and modernity) and one individual (gender) characteristic. In Study 1, we develop an indigenous measure of organizational citizenship behavior and explore the similarities and differences of this measure with its Western counterpart. In Study 2, we use this ...
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作者：Barley, SR
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作者：GUPTA, PP; DIRSMITH, MW; FOGARTY, TJ
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：Drawing on both contingency and institutional theories, this paper examines how professionals in an institutionalized environment are coordinated and controlled and what forces shape the structures organizations adopt for this coordination and control. According to contingency theory, the coordination and control of organizational members is shaped by the task environment and the technical nature of the work they perform, while institutional theory proposes that an organization's need to demon...
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作者：MURNIGHAN, JK; KIM, JW; METZGER, AR
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper uses evolutionary, social psychological, organizational, and game theoretic literatures as frames to explore the dilemma of the choice to volunteer. Although one's group may benefit from voluntary action, volunteers typically incur more costs than others, even when their actions are successful. The four experiments presented here addressed when and why people volunteer in fictitious financial scenarios that varied group size, the number of volunteers required, the payoffs to volunte...
