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作者：Cremer, H; Gahvari, F
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite de Toulouse; Institut Universitaire de France; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper studies the problem of the design of an integrated system of second-best emission and output taxes in a model where production costs are negatively correlated with their emissions. It shows that (i) the first-best Pigouvian rule (of equating the marginal private benefit of emissions in production to the marginal social damage of emissions) must be modified in the second best, (ii) implementation of the modified Pigouvian rule requires all firms to face the same marginal emission tax...
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作者：Pestieau, P; Poterba, J
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作者：Gustman, AL; Steinmeier, TL
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University
摘要：This paper uses earnings histories from the Social Security Administration, linked to the survey responses for participants in the Health and Retirement Study, to investigate redistribution under the current social security benefit formula. As advertised, own benefits are significantly redistributed from individuals with high to those with low lifetime earnings. However, redistribution is roughly halved when spouse and survivor benefits are taken into account and redistribution is measured amo...
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作者：Auten, G; Joulfaian, D
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：Contrary to popular view, capital gains do not escape taxation at death as they are subject to the estate tax. The presence of the step-up in basis increases the lock-in effect of capital gains taxes as individuals are induced to hold assets until death. This effect, however, is mitigated by the estate tax which applies to assets passed to heirs. Using a sample of matched income and estate tax records in a period that straddles significant changes in capital gains and estate tax rates, the est...
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作者：Manning, A
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Classical labour supply theory is one of the most sophisticated parts of labour economics. Yet, there is no compelling theoretical reason to believe in an outcome on a classical labour supply curve and it is unclear whether it is a good empirical description of the way in which labour markets actually work. This paper uses the techniques of search theory to analyse the impact of changes in the tax system on incentives to work when individuals do not have flexibility of hours within jobs. It is...
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作者：Fullerton, D; Metcalf, GE
作者单位：Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：One might suppose that an emissions tax has an advantage over command and control (CAC) regulations since it raises revenue that can be used to cut other distorting taxes. In this paper, we show that the focus on revenue raising is misplaced. In a simple analytical general equilibrium model, we show that the same welfare effects of environmental protection can be achieved, by taxes that raise revenue, certain command and control regulations that raise no revenue, and oven subsidies that cost r...
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作者：McGarry, K
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：For altruistic parents desiring to bequeath their wealth to their children, estate taxes can be costly in utility terms. The most straightforward way to reduce the tax burden is through inter vivos transfers. Taking full advantage of potential tax-free giving often requires that parents differentiate between children in the amounts transferred. This unequal giving contrasts sharply with the presumed desire to make equal bequests. This paper examines the extent to which wealthy parents take adv...
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作者：Huizinga, H; Nielsen, SB
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：This paper investigates the optimal line of demarcation between the public and private production sectors, as affected by the government's privatization decision. Only the private sector is subject to taxation in the form of investment taxes. In deciding on privatization, the government trades off the tax distortion affecting private production against the relative production inefficiency of public production. At the optimum, the public sector is 'too large' in the sense that the government ca...
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作者：Wane, W
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Poverty is considered as an aggregate negative externality that may affect people differently depending on their aversion to poverty. If society is on average averse to poverty, then the optimal income tax schedule displays negative marginal tax rates at least for the less skilled individuals. Negative marginal tax rates play the role of a Pigouvian earnings subsidy and foster the supply of labor of poor individuals. The no-distortion at the endpoints result which is therefore violated can be ...
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作者：Schultz, C; Sjöström, T
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Migration raises a potential free rider problem for the provision of durable local public goods if the latecomers can enjoy the public good without paying for it. Allowing communities to finance public goods by debt mitigates this problem, since future immigrants have to share the burden of the debt. However, in equilibrium then will be over-accumulation of local debt. There may be more or less public good than at first best, but conditional on the inefficiently high level of debt there will h...
