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作者：Baik, KH; Kim, IG; Na, SY
作者单位：Hallym University; Hallym University; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We examine the equilibrium effort levels of individual players and groups in a contest in which two groups compete with each other to win a group-specific public-good prize, the players choose their effort levels simultaneously and independently, and the winning group is determined by the selection rule of all-pay auctions. We first prove nonexistence of a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium, and then construct a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. At the Nash equilibrium, the only active player in ea...
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作者：Kopczuk, W
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The optimal income taxation framework is extended to account for heterogeneity in avoidance behavior. The optimal tax formulae are shown to be simply and intuitively modified to reflect the value of taxable income as an indicator of the need for transfers at a given skill level. This effect is in addition to any effect implied by just considering additional margins of response to taxes. Alternative sources of heterogeneity and their likely consequences are discussed. When the choice of adminis...
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作者：Harris, TS; Hubbard, RG; Kemsley, D
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We examine the hypothesis that dividend taxes are capitalized into share prices by focusing on investors' implicit valuations of retained earnings Versus paid-in equity. Retained earnings are distributable as taxable dividends, whereas paid-in equity is distributable as a tax-free return of capital. Consistent with dividend tax capitalization, firm-level results for the United States indicate that accumulated retained earnings are valued less per unit than contributed capital. In addition, dif...
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作者：Fong, C
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Preferences for redistribution may be influenced by values and beliefs about distributive justice as well as by self-interest. People may prefer more redistribution to the poor if they believe that poverty is caused by circumstances beyond individual control. Therefore, beliefs about the causes of income may affect demand for redistribution. Alternatively, the effect of these beliefs on redistributive preferences may be spurious if they are correlated with income, and self-interest is not prop...
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作者：Harris, AR; Evans, WN; Schwab, RM
作者单位：Congressional Budget Office; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：In this paper we use a national panel of public school districts to study the impact of an aging population on public education spending. In contrast to previous analyses that use state-level data, we find that the elderly have only a modest overall negative effect on education spending at the district level. Our results confirm, however, that a growing share of elderly at the state level tends to depress state spending on education. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the el...
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作者：Browning, M; Crossley, TF
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; York University - Canada; Australian National University
摘要：We use a Canadian survey of the unemployed to examine how household expenditures after a job loss respond to the level of income replacement provided by UI. We isolate a liquidity constraint or 'transitory income' effect from the 'permanent income' shock of job loss, and from the costs of working. We find significant effects of varying the replacement ratio among the third of the sample who did not have assets at the job loss. We conclude that the consumption smoothing benefit of UI is concent...
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作者：Caplan, B
作者单位：George Mason University; George Mason University
摘要：The current paper models power-maximizing politicians' behavior subject to imperfect political competition and perfect citizen mobility. It then analyzes the welfare implications of federal and non-federal structures. The model abstracts from both heterogeneous preferences (the most common argument in favor of federalism) and externalities (the most common argument against), showing that even in this simplified setting federalism has important welfare implications. There is one class of equili...
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作者：Fuest, C; Huber, B
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：This paper studies optimum income taxation in a small open economy where households differ with respect to their endowments with wealth. The government raises taxes on income from labor and wealth and a source tax on capital used in domestic production. To avoid taxes, households may, at some cost, shift capital to labor income and vice versa. The government can only observe income after shifting has taken place. It turns out that the optimal source tax on capital is negative. The optimal inco...
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作者：Hrung, WB
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：The steep drop-off in the number of Individual Retirement Account (IRA) contributors after 1986 has led to suggestions that taxpayers misunderstood and over-reacted to the restrictions on deductible contributors imposed by the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Tax panel data is used to investigate the role of taxpayer misunderstanding in the drop-off in IRA contributors after 1986. The hiring of a tax preparer is the transmission mechanism for knowledge of the deductibility rules after 1986. The results...
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作者：Strumpf, KS
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：This paper considers the decision of Pennsylvania communities whether to levy a 1% wage tax. While a simple political economy model suggests this tax should be enacted when many residents are exempted from the tax, the opposite pattern seems to hold. One explanation is that residents may mistrust their government and fear that the new tax monies will be spent unwisely. Several implications of this credibility story are consistent with the data, and non-taxing communities tend to have low credi...
