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作者：Park, A; Wang, SG; Wu, GB
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We evaluate the effectiveness of regional targeting in China's large-scale poverty alleviation program begun in 1986 by analyzing a panel data set of all counties in China for the period 1981-1995. Estimates of models of poor county designation and poverty fund allocation and newly defined targeting gap and targeting error measures show that political factors have affected targeting and that leakage has increased while coverage has improved. Only one of the three main programs is progressive. ...
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作者：Finkelstein, A
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper presents new evidence of the effect of the tax subsidy to employer-provided health insurance on coverage by such insurance, I study the effects of a 1993 tax change that reduced the tax subsidy to employer-provided supplementary health insurance in Quebec by almost 60%. Using a differences-in-differences methodology in which changes in Quebec are compared to changes in other provinces not affected by the tax change, I find that this tax change was associated with a decrease of about...
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作者：Cutler, D; Marchand, M
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作者：Dardanoni, V; Lambert, PJ
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of Palermo
摘要：Analysts should correct for distributional differences before undertaking local progressivity comparisons between income tax or tax and benefit schedules. A transplant-and-compare procedure is advocated, involving 'importation' of the schedule from one regime into another, or from both into a reference scenario. The residual progression ordering over transplanted schedules then assures a global ordering of original regimes by Lorenz or Suits curves. The algorithm is advocated for use only when...
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作者：Bös, D; De Fraja, G
作者单位：University of York - UK; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper studies the effects of non-contractibility of investment on the choices made by a health authority and a hospital which supplies a specific service. Non-contractibility determines inefficiencies: compared with any Pareto efficient outcome, the quality of the service chosen by the hospital is too low, and the health authority relies too much on outside providers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science BV All rights reserved.
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作者：Glazer, J; McGuire, TG
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Risk adjustment refers to the practice of paying health plans a premium per person (or per family) based on a formula using risk adjusters, such as age or gender, and weights on those adjusters. One role of risk adjustment is to make sure plans have an incentive to accept all potential enrollees. Another role, at least as important in our view, is to lead health plans to choose the efficient level of quality of care for the various services they offer. Most of the research and policy literatur...
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作者：Feldstein, M
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The nature and content of research and teaching in public economics have changed enormously during the past three decades. The field is more theoretically rigorous, more empirical, more focused on real policy issues, and more concerned with government spending as well as with taxation. For me, it has been an exciting time to be a public finance economist and to contribute to this intellectual transformation. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Perotti, R; Kontopoulos, Y
作者单位：European University Institute; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper explores on a panel of 19 OECD countries the role of fragmentation indetermining fiscal outcomes over the 1970-95 period. We first define the notion of fragmentation of fiscal policy-making as the degree to which the costs of a dollar of aggregate expenditure are internalized by individual decision-makers. Empirically, this notion has two key logical components: the number decision-makers and the rules of the game, or the budget process. In turn, the number of decision makers can re...
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作者：Laussel, D
作者单位：Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We analyze the political equilibria of a model of representative democracy with strategic delegation where the policy which maximizes ex-ante the welfare of a citizen is not in general the one he would select ex-post if he were elected. We show that these effects give rise to an 'abstention effect' which is likely to lead to the unopposed election of extremist representatives and prevents policy convergence in two-candidate elections. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Goeree, JK; Holt, CA; Laury, SK
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University of Virginia
摘要：An increase in the common marginal value of a public good has two effects: it increases the benefit of a contribution to others, and it reduces the net cost of making a contribution. These two effects can be decomposed by letting a contribution have an 'internal' return for oneself that differs from the 'external' return to someone else. We use this framework in a series of one-shot public goods games in which subjects make choices in ten treatments with no feedback. Contributions are generall...
