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作者：Podder, N; Chatterjee, S
作者单位：Massey University; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：Using Household Economic Survey (HES) data in unit record form, this paper examines the trends of household income inequality in New Zealand over the period 1984-96, a period that saw New Zealand implement a wide range of economic and social policy reform. The observed changes in the overall income inequality are then decomposed by income components to measure the contributions of the different sources of personal income to the overall inequality. To our knowledge, this is the first time that ...
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作者：Razin, A; Sadka, E; Swagel, P
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：The extent of taxation and redistribution policy is generally determined as a political-economy equilibrium by a balance between those who gain from higher taxes/transfers and those who lose. The standard theory of the size of government in a representative democracy links the tax burden to measures of the pre-tax income inequality. We develop in this paper a theory which encompasses the existing literature, and provides a complementary channel linking the tax burden in the presence of migrati...
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作者：Diamond, P
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作者：Spraggon, J
作者单位：Lakehead University
摘要：The ability of four instruments within the general class of exogenous targeting instruments, proposed by Segerson [Journal of Environmental Economic Management 15 (1988) 87], to induce socially optimal outcomes in a group moral hazard environment is investigated in an experiment based on Nalbantian and Schotter [American Economic Review 87 (1997) 314]. Both instruments based on the Holmstrom [Bell Journal of Economics 13 (1982) 324] forcing contract with multiple equilibria, and instruments ba...
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作者：Cutler, DM; Knaul, F; Lozano, R; Méndez, O; Zurita, B
作者单位：Harvard University; World Health Organization
摘要：We study the impact of economic crisis on health in Mexico. There have been four wide-scale economic crises in Mexico in the past two decades, the most recent in 1995-96. We find that mortality rates for the very young and the elderly increase or decline less rapidly in crisis years as compared with non-crisis years. In the 1995-96 crisis, mortality rates were about 5 to 7 percent higher in the crisis years compared to the years just prior to the crisis. This translates into a 0.4 percent incr...
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作者：Parry, IWH
作者单位：Resources for the Future
摘要：This paper compares the efficiency of a single lane toll, a uniform congestion tax across freeway lanes, a gasoline tax, and a transit fare subsidy at reducing congestion. There are three conditions for an efficient outcome relating to travel across modes, across peak and off-peak periods, and sorting out drivers with high and low time costs across faster and slower freeway lanes. Each policy involves some inefficiency. Indeed the single lane toll, gasoline tax, and transit subsidy forego at l...
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作者：Davies, JB; Hoy, M
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); University of Guelph
摘要：Tax flattening exercises which include an increase in personal allowances have been pervasive over the past two decades. Such changes, which typically benefit both the poor and the rich, at the expense of the middle class, have complex redistributive effects which are not obviously 'equalizing' or 'disequalizing'. We develop a systematic approach to comparing the relative inequality of flat rate tax schemes to conventional graduated rate taxes. We provide an illustrative example using 1993 U.S...
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作者：Owens, RE; Sarte, PD
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond
摘要：When firms can set prices, moving costs imply excess inertia in firm migration relative to the social optimum. Therefore, the idea that inducing firm relocation cannot increase welfare can be misleading. In particular, firm migration encouraged by location subsidies does not amount to a 'zero sum' across regions. However, targeting moving costs alone is not efficient, and regional planners are unlikely to produce a first best allocation. Finally, we show that relocation subsidies may give rise...
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作者：La Ferrara, E
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：This paper investigates the determinants of group membership, and in particular the effect of income inequality on individual incentives to join economic groups. Drawing on a simple model, we show that an increase in inequality has an ambiguous effect and that the type of access rule (open versus restricted access) is key in determining what income categories are represented in the group. Furthermore, the shape of the income distribution can be crucial to determine whether increased inequality...
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作者：Corneo, G; Grüner, HP
作者单位：University Osnabruck; University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：What drives people's support of governmental reduction of income inequality? We employ data from a large international survey in order to evaluate the explanatory power of three competing forces, referred to as the 'homo occonomicus effect', the 'public values effect', and the 'social rivalry effect'. The empirical analysis reveals that at the aggregate level all three effects play a significant role in shaping individual preferences for political redistribution. Attitudes of citizens in forme...
