-
作者：Conley, JP; Konishi, H
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Boston College
摘要：Tiebout's basic claim was that when public goods are local, competition between jurisdictions solves the free riding problem in the sense that equilibria exist and are always Pareto efficient. Unfortunately, the literature does not quite support this conjecture. For finite economies, one must choose between notions of Tiebout equilibrium which are Pareto optimal but which may be empty, or which are nonempty but may be inefficient. This paper introduces a new equilibrium notion called migration...
-
作者：Maurin, E
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：This paper applies new semi-parametric techniques to estimate the effects of parental income on the probability of being held back in elementary school in France. We use information on grandparents' past socioeconomic status and parents' education level to separate the parental income effects from the effects of the unmeasured determinants of children's performance at school that are correlated with parental income. When considering the probability of being held back in elementary school, we f...
-
作者：Montero, JP
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：I study whether incomplete enforcement of a regulation has any impact on the choice between price (e.g., taxes) and quantity (e.g., tradeable quotas) instruments. Results indicate that a second-best design accounting for incomplete enforcement can be implemented equally well with either instrument as long as the benefit and cost curves are known with certainty. If these curves are uncertain to the regulator, however, the quantity instrument performs relatively better than the price instrument....
-
作者：Slemrod, J; Kopczuk, W
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：The strength of the behavioral response to a tax rate change depends on the environment individuals operate in, and may be manipulated by instruments controlled by the government. We first derive a measure of the social benefit to affecting this elasticity. The paper then examines this effect in the solution to the optimal income taxation problem when such an instrument is available, first in a general model and then in an example when the government chooses the income tax base. (C) 2002 Elsev...
-
作者：Stark, O; Wang, Y
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Vienna; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：When productivity is fostered by an individual's own human capital as well as by the economy-wide average level of human capital, individuals under-invest in human capital. The provision of subsidies for the formation of human capital, conditional on the subsidy being self-financed by tax revenues, can bring the economy to its socially optimal level of human capital. Yet a strictly positive probability of migration to a richer country, by raising both the level of human capital formed by optim...
-
作者：Bloom, N; Griffith, R; Van Reenen, J
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper examines the impact of fiscal incentives on the level of R&D investment. An econometric model of R&D investment is estimated using a new panel of data on tax changes and R&D spending in nine OECD countries over a 19-year period (1979-1997). We find evidence that tax incentives are effective in increasing R&D intensity. This is true even after allowing for permanent country-specific characteristics, world macro shocks and other policy influences. We estimate that a 10% fall in the co...
-
作者：Decressin, J
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper investigates income redistribution and risk sharing and the underlying public policy in Italy, a country marked by stark regional economic contrasts. Unlike previous works, this study also assesses the roles of public consumption, investment, and welfare assistance in kind. The findings suggest that Italy's fiscal system provides redistribution at 25-35% and risk sharing at 10-15% of GDP, with public consumption playing a large role. Compared with results in the literature for other...
-
作者：Pizer, WA
作者单位：Resources for the Future
摘要：Uncertainty about compliance costs causes otherwise equivalent price and quantity controls to behave differently and leads to divergent welfare consequences. Although most of the debate on global climate change policy has focused on quantity controls due to their political appeal, this paper argues that price controls are more efficient. Simulations based on a stochastic computable general equilibrium model indicate that the expected welfare gain from the optimal price policy is five times hig...
-
作者：Power, L; Rider, M
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; University System of Georgia; Kennesaw State University
摘要：The U.S. individual income tax allows employers to make tax-deferred contributions to qualified pension plans for their employees and, in the case of the self-employed, on their own-behalf. We examine the effect of these tax-based savings incentives on the self-employed. For this purpose we use a panel of sole proprietors constructed from the Statistics of Income (Sol) individual income tax files for 1985, 1989 and 1993. We find that taxes have a substantial effect on both the dichotomous deci...
-
作者：Coile, C; Diamond, P; Gruber, J; Jousten, A
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper focuses on Social Security benefit claiming behavior, a take-up decision that has been ignored in the previous literature. Using financial calculations and simulations based on an expected utility maximization model, we show that delaying benefit claim for a period of time after retirement is optimal in a wide variety of cases and that gains from delay may be significant. We find that approximately 10% of men retiring before their 62nd birthday delay claiming for at least 1 year aft...
