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作者：Saez, E
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses a panel of individual tax returns and the 'bracket creep' as source of tax rate variation to construct instrumental variables estimates of the sensitivity of income to changes in tax rates. From 1979 to 1981, the US income tax schedule was fixed in nominal terms while inflation was high (around 10%). This produced a real change in tax rate schedules. Taxpayers near the top-end of a tax bracket were more likely to creep to a higher bracket and thus experience a rise in marginal ...
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作者：Huizinga, H; Nielsen, SB
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Tilburg University
摘要：This paper considers withholding taxes and information exchange as alternative means to tax international interest income. For each regime, we consider the maximum level of taxation of foreign-source income that can be sustained as the equilibrium of a repeated game. The best regime is the one that brings the level of taxation in the repeated game closest to the cooperative level of interest taxation. Sustainable levels of taxation in either regime depend on the importance of bank profits and ...
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作者：Barrow, L
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：In this paper I show how the monetary value parents place on school quality may be inferred from their residential location choice. The method identifies parental valuation of school quality from the differential effect of school quality on residential choices of households with and without children. I implement the method with 1990 Census data for Washington, D.C. For whites, households with children are willing to pay $1800 more per year for schools generating a 100 SAT point advantage. Whil...
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作者：Souleles, NS
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses micro data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to estimate the response of household consumption to the second and third phases of the Reagan tax cuts. Since these phases were pre-announced, they allow for an unusually clean test of the canonical Life-Cycle/Permanent-Income model. Consumption is found to be excessively sensitive to the tax cuts, counter to the model. Liquidity constraints and other standard explanations do not appear to explain this excess sensitivity. The con...
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作者：Rocheteau, G
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：This paper analyzes the consequences of a working time reduction within an integrated shirking-matching model. Under laissez faire, workers and employers bargain over wages and working hours. When unemployment is high, the no-shirking condition is binding and the number of working hours is lower than the level that would be negotiated in the absence of unobservable shirking, In this case, a work-sharing policy increases aggregate employment. At the opposite, for low unemployment countries. the...
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作者：Epple, D; Newlon, E; Romano, R
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of Kentucky; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：To study the effects of ability grouping on school competition, we develop a theoretical and computational model of tracking in public and private schools. We examine tracking's consequences for the allocation of students of differing abilities and income within and between public and private schools. Private schools tend to attract the most able and wealthiest students, and rarely track in equilibrium. Public sector schools can maximize attendance by tracking students. Public schools retain a...
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作者：Kessler, D; McClellan, M
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Because fee-for-service health insurance insulates providers from the costs of treatment decisions, it may lead to defensive medicine - precautionary treatment with minimal expected medical benefit administered out of fear of legal liability. By giving providers higher-powered incentives, managed care may affect optimal liability policy. Among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with heart disease in 1984-1994, we find that liability-reducing tort reforms reduce defensive practices in areas with hi...
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作者：Flores, NE
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Bergstrom showed that a necessary condition for a Pareto optimum with non-paternalistic altruism is classification as a selfish Pareto optimum. This paper shows that Bergstrom's result does not generalize to the benefit-cost analysis of generic changes in public goods. There may exist good projects that will be rejected by a selfish-benefit cost test, a selfish test error. Selfish test error is linked to preference interdependence between public goods and income distribution, the same conditio...
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作者：Stern, N
作者单位：The World Bank
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作者：Chalkley, M; Malcomson, JM
作者单位：University of Dundee; University of Oxford
摘要：Fixed price payments for treatment of patients with a specified diagnosis are widespread in both US Medicare and the British NHS even though there are substantial variations in the cost of treatment. Theory suggests that, when there is asymmetric information about those costs, total payment can be reduced by cost sharing. This paper uses data from Medicare to assess the cost savings that might be feasible in practice from cost sharing. For diagnosis related groups with low cost variation, the ...
