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作者：Cremer, H; Gahvari, F
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite de Toulouse; Institut Universitaire de France
摘要：This paper studies the second-best tax design problem when emissions are publicly unobservable but can be discovered through costly monitoring. A representative firm in industry chooses its emissions and declarations to maximize its expected profits. The paper shows: The Pigouvian rule of equating the marginal private benefit of emissions in production to the marginal social damage of emissions is modified to take account of the resource costs of monitoring and enforcement; emissions from diff...
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作者：Gruber, J; Saez, E
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A central tax policy parameter that has recently received much attention, but about which there is substantial uncertainty, is the overall elasticity of taxable income. We provide new estimates of this elasticity which address identification problems with previous work, by exploiting a long panel of tax returns to study a series of tax reforms throughout the 1980s. This identification strategy also allows us to provide new evidence on both the income effects of tax changes on taxable income, a...
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作者：Landsman, WR; Shackelford, DA; Yetman, RJ
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Iowa
摘要：Inability to observe both actual and reported capital gains has impeded studies of capital gains tax compliance. This study overcomes such limitations through access to both confidential tax returns and internal shareholder records. Tests are conducted at the individual taxpayer level for associations between compliance rates for capital gains taxes generated by RJR Nabisco shareholders during its leveraged buyout and income, marginal tax rates, socioeconomic characteristics, and measures of t...
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作者：Gordon, R; Poterba, J
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
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作者：Jack, W
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：Existence of pure strategy equilibria is studied in health insurance markets that exhibit both ex ante adverse selection of the Rothschild-Stiglitz-Wilson type, and ex post hidden information moral hazard. It is found that ex post moral hazard has two offsetting effects on the existence of equilibrium, and that in general it is difficult to say whether an equilibrium is more or less likely to exist. Numerical simulations, and an analytical example, confirm that moral hazard may increase the li...
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作者：Mélitz, J; Zumer, F
作者单位：University of Strathclyde; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
摘要：This paper re-examines earlier estimates of regional redistribution and stabilization through the central government budget in the US, and produces new estimates of this redistribution and stabilization in the US, Canada, France and the UK. The new estimates rest on panel data econometrics and an adherence to certain accounting principles that have occasionally been violated in the past. As a result of the accounting, the peak estimates for the US and Canada in the earlier literature are never...
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作者：Kakwani, N; Hill, RJ
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：This paper develops an axiomatic approach for constructing bilateral and multilateral spatial cost of living and welfare indices. The methodology is then used to construct urban and rural cost of living and welfare indices for various regions of Thailand. The implications of our results for inequality and poverty measurement are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Duflo, E; Saez, E
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：This paper investigates whether peer effects play an important role in retirement savings decisions. We use individual data from employees of a large university to study whether individual decisions to enroll in a Tax Deferred Account plan sponsored by the university, and the choice of the mutual fund vendor for people who choose to enroll, are affected by the decisions of other employees in the same department. To overcome the identification problems, we divide the departments into sub-groups...
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作者：Fleurbaey, M; Gary-Bobo, RJ; Maguain, D
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour; KU Leuven; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We consider a model of education planning in an economy in which agents differ in their costs of acquiring education. The agents' cost parameter, called 'talent', is not observed. The principal is endowed with a fixed sum of money, with which two types of transfer can be made: in cash and in kind. The principal can finance transfers in kind, called 'help', by means of schooling expenditures, which reduce the agent's education cost. The principal seeks to maximize a social welfare function whic...
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作者：Saez, E
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper revisits the Atkinson-Stiglitz result on uselessness of commodity taxation in the presence of optimal non-linear income taxation in a more general setup, namely when tastes are heterogeneous. This general analysis displays the key economic assumptions under which the Atkinson-Stiglitz result is robust. A small tax on a given commodity is desirable if high income earners have a relatively higher taste for this commodity or if consumption of this commodity increases with leisure. An a...
