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作者：DeBacker, Jason
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Using data on federal outlays and U.S. House elections,! estimate the effect of the pork barrel on the quality of officeholders, taking into account the fact that seniority creates a dynamic linkage across periods. After estimating the parameters governing the influence of seniority on federal outlays and the parameters governing the distributions of candidate quality, I conduct several policy experiments to uncover the size of the welfare loss created by the seniority system. I find that the ...
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作者：Jacob, Brian A.; Lefgren, Lars
作者单位：Brigham Young University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：In this paper, we estimate the impact of receiving an NIH grant on subsequent publications and citations. Our sample consists of all applications (unsuccessful as well as successful) to the NIH from 1980 to 2000 for standard research grants (R01s). Both OLS and IV estimates show that receipt of an NIH research grant (worth roughly $1.7 million) leads to only one additional publication over the next five years, which corresponds to a 7% increase. The limited impact of NIH grants is consistent w...
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作者：Voget, Johannes
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of Oxford; Tilburg University
摘要：About 6% of multinationals relocated their headquarters to another country in the 1997-2007 period. This paper presents empirical evidence on the role of taxes in these relocation decisions. It considers a sample of 140 multinationals that relocated their headquarters over the past decade and compares them to a control group of 1943 multinationals that did not relocate. It is found that the additional tax due in the home country upon repatriation of foreign profits has a positive effect on the...
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作者：Schwartz, Warren F.; Wickelgren, Abraham L.
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We consider the effect of competitor suits in a model in which an incumbent can take an action that deters the entry of a rival. The option to sue the incumbent can provide a subsidy for entry which can maintain competition even when the incumbent takes this action. Liability for the entrant's lost profits, however, can soften post-entry competition. If the incumbent's action is potentially efficient, taking market structure as given, e.g. it reduces her costs, then competitor suits can genera...
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作者：Auerbach, Alan J.; Lee, Ronald
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Using stochastic simulations we analyze how public pension structures spread the risks arising from demographic and economic shocks across generations. We consider several actual and hypothetical sustainable PAYGO pension structures, including: (1) versions of the US Social Security system with annual adjustments of taxes or benefits to maintain fiscal balance; (2) Sweden's Notional Defined Contribution system and several variants developed to improve fiscal stability; and (3) the German syste...
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作者：Brekke, Kjell Arne; Hauge, Karen Evelyn; Lind, Jo Thori; Nyborg, Karine
作者单位：University of Oslo; Institute of Transport Economics
摘要：Are some individuals generally more pro-social than others? If so, socially beneficial commitments could serve as a costly screening device helping the pro-social to match. We present a public good game experiment in which subjects choose between two group types: in blue groups, subjects receive a fixed extra payoff; in red groups, this extra payoff is donated, instead, to the Red Cross. A substantial share of our subjects chose red groups. Contributions in red groups were initially higher and...
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作者：Larcinese, Valentino; Puglisi, Riccardo; Snyder, James M., Jr.
作者单位：University of Pavia; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Harvard University; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the agenda-setting political behavior of a large sample of U.S. newspapers during the 1996-2005 period. Our purpose is to examine the intensity of coverage of economic issues as a function of the underlying economic conditions and the political affiliation of the incumbent president, focusing on unemployment, inflation, the federal budget and the trade deficit. We investigate whether there is any significant correlation between the endorsement policy of newspapers, and the differentia...
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作者：Loeper, Antoine
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：We compare centralized and decentralized policy making in a federation in which policy heterogeneity is inherently costly and preferences vary across jurisdictions: all jurisdictions agree that some harmonization is desirable but no one agrees on the direction of harmonization. This type of collective choice problem arises when members of a federal system have to coordinate nonbudgetary policies such as laws, regulations, standards, or diplomatic policies. Contrary to the common wisdom, decent...
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作者：Xiao, Erte; Houser, Daniel
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; George Mason University; George Mason University
摘要：We report data from public goods games showing that privately-implemented punishment reduces cooperation in relation to a baseline treatment without punishment. When that same incentive is implemented publicly, however, cooperation is sustained at significantly higher rates than in either the baseline or private punishment treatments. Our design ensures that this increased cooperation is not attributable to shame, differences in information or signaling. Rather, our evidence is that the abilit...
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作者：Berthelon, Matias E.; Kruger, Diana I.
作者单位：Universidad Adolfo Ibanez
摘要：We analyze the effect of a Chilean school reform that lengthened the school day from half to full-day shifts on the likelihood that adolescents engage in risky behaviors. By increasing the number of hours spent in school, the reform curtails opportunities to engage in risky behaviors that may lead to motherhood and crime. We exploit the exogenous time and regional variations of the reform's implementation to identify the effects of adult supervision on the likelihood that adolescent girls beco...
