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作者：Bargain, Olivier; Doorley, Karina
作者单位：University College Dublin
摘要：Youth unemployment is particularly large in many industrialized countries and has dramatic consequences in both the short and long-term. While there is abundant evidence about the labor supply of married women and single mothers, little is known about how young (childless) singles react to financial incentives. The French minimum income (Revenu Minimum d'Insertion, RMI), often accused of generating strong disincentives to work, offers a natural setting to study this question since childless si...
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作者：Mastrobuoni, Giovanni
摘要：In 1995, the Social Security Administration started sending out the annual Social Security Statement. It contains information about the worker's estimated benefits at the ages 62, 65, and 70.1 use this unique natural experiment to analyze the retirement and claiming decision making. First, I find that, despite the previous availability of information, the Statement has a significant impact on workers' knowledge about their benefits. These findings are consistent with a model where workers need...
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作者：Andreoni, James; Payne, A. Abigail
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; McMaster University
摘要：When the government gives a grant to a private charitable organization, do the donors to that organization give less? If they do, is it because the grants crowd out donors who feel they gave through taxes (classic crowd out), or is it because the grant crowds out the fundraising of the charities who, after getting the grant, reduce efforts of fundraising (fundraising crowd-out)? This is the first paper to separate these two effects. Using a panel of more than 8000 charities, we find that crowd...
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作者：Baron, David P.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Credence attributes of products are unobservable through search or experience. Some consumers are willing to pay a premium for their provision, and in addition, citizens can apply social pressure on firms to supply credence attributes. Firms have formed voluntary organizations to assure the provision of credence attributes, and the credible provision provides product differentiation. This paper provides a theory of the voluntary provision of credence attributes in the presence of demand pull f...
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作者：Brosig-Koch, Jeannette; Helbach, Christoph; Ockenfels, Axel; Weimann, Joachim
作者单位：Otto von Guericke University; University of Duisburg Essen; University of Cologne
摘要：Using data from laboratory experiments, we find that East Germans show consistently less solidarity than West Germans; there has been no convergence in the 20 years after the reunification. While it has recently been estimated that political values converge 20 to 40 years after the reunification (Alesina and Fuchs-Schundeln, 2007), we conclude from our findings that social behavior changes more slowly than political values. We hypothesize that this is due to complementarities involved in indiv...
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作者：Dharmapala, Dhammika; Slemrod, Joel; Wilson, John Douglas
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Michigan State University
摘要：We analyze the optimal taxation affirms when the government faces fixed (per-firm) administrative costs of tax collection. The tax instruments at the government's disposal are a fixed (per-firm) fee and a linear tax on output. If all firms in an industry are taxed, we show that it is optimal to impose a positive fee to internalize administrative costs. The output taxes satisfy the inverse elasticity rule for taxed industries, but industries with sufficiently high administrative costs should be...
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作者：Clots-Figueras, Irma
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：This paper uses panel data from the 16 larger states in India during the period 1967-2000 to study the effects of female political representation in the State Legislatures on public goods, policy and expenditure. It finds that politicians' gender affects policy, but that their social position, i.e., their caste, should be taken into account as well. Female legislators in seats reserved for lower castes and disadvantaged tribes invest more in health and early education and favor women-friendly ...
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作者：Hoynes, Hilary; Page, Marianne; Stevens, Ann Huff
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The goal of federal food and nutrition programs in the United States is to improve the nutritional well-being and health of low income families. A large body of literature evaluates the extent to which the Supplemental Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) has accomplished this goal, but most studies have been based on research designs that compare program participants to non-participants. If selection into these programs is non-random then such comparisons will lead to biased estimates...
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作者：van den Berg, Vincent; Verhoef, Erik T.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：This paper analyses the efficiency and distributional impacts of congestion pricing in Vickrey's (1969) dynamic bottleneck model of congestion, allowing for continuous distributions of values of time and schedule delay. We find that congestion pricing can leave a majority of travellers better off even without returning the toll revenues to them. We also find that the consumer surplus losses or gains from tolling are not strictly monotonic in the value of time, because they also depend on the v...
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作者：Dohmen, Thomas; Falk, Armin; Fliessbach, Klaus; Sunde, Uwe; Weber, Bernd
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：In this paper we study the role of absolute versus relative income using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). While being scanned in two adjacent MRI scanners, pairs of subjects had to simultaneously perform a simple estimation task that entailed monetary rewards for correct answers. We show that a variation in the comparison subject's payment affects blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventral striatum. This brain region is engaged in the prediction and registra...
