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作者：Immordino, Giovanni; Pagano, Marco; Polo, Michele
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Salerno; University of Naples Federico II
摘要：When firms' research can lead to potentially harmful innovations, public intervention may thwart their incentives to undertake research by reducing its expected profitability (average deterrence) and may guide the use of innovation (marginal deterrence). We compare four policy regimes: laissez faire, ex-post penalties and two forms of authorization - lenient and strict. If fines are unbounded, laissez faire is optimal if the social harm from innovation is sufficiently unlikely; otherwise, regu...
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作者：Arin, K. Peren; Chmelarova, Viera; Feess, Eberhard; Wohlschlegel, Ansgar
作者单位：University of Bonn; Massey University; Australian National University; Zayed University; European Central Bank; Frankfurt School Finance & Management
摘要：Following the financial crisis, many countries introduced fiscal stimulus packages making budget consolidations in the future rather challenging. Using a data set for 28 OECD countries spanning the period 1978-2007, we contribute to the literature on success probabilities of consolidation attempts by exploring the impact of corruption, and in particular the interplay of corruption and the choice of the policy instrument. We find that corruption significantly reduces the success rate. When cont...
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作者：Bombardini, Matilde; Trebbi, Francesco
作者单位：University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between the size of interest groups in terms of voter representation and the interest group's campaign contributions to politicians. We uncover a robust hump-shaped relationship between the voting share of an interest group and its contributions to a legislator. This pattern is rationalized in a simultaneous bilateral bargaining model where the larger size of an interest group affects the amount of surplus to be split with the politician (thereby increa...
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作者：Anand, Paul; Krishnakumar, Jaya; Ngoc Bich Tran
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Oxford; Open University - UK; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics by developing and analyzing data on the freedoms of adults in Argentina. Specifically, it reports on the development and delivery of a survey instrument for measuring capabilities, calculates for each respondent a Nehring-Puppe type index of capabilities and examines the distribution of index scores. The main analytic part of the paper then goes on to develop a generalized linear latent and mixed ...
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作者：Bucovetsky, S.
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：If migration between communities is costless, and if policy makers in each community anticipate the migration response to policy changes, then the interests of the two communities are perfectly aligned. Decentralization is efficient. This incentive equivalence is well-known. However, the first-order approach used in virtually all the literature may obscure the fact that no convexity assumptions need be made about technology or tastes. This fact underscores the relevance of incentive equivalenc...
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作者：Slemrod, Joel
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作者：Harris, Douglas N.; Sass, Tim R.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We study the effects of various types of education and training on the productivity of teachers in promoting student achievement. Previous studies on the subject have been hampered by inadequate measures of teacher training and difficulties in addressing the non-random selection of teachers to students and of teachers to training. We address these issues by estimating models that include detailed measures of pre-service and in-service training, a rich set of time-varying covariates, and studen...
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作者：Picard, Pierre M.; Pieretti, Patrice
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：This paper discusses the effects of pressure policies on offshore financial centers as well as their ability to enforce the compliance of those centers with anti-money laundering regulations. Offshore banks can be encouraged to comply with rigorous monitoring of an investor's identity and the origin of his/her funds when pressure creates a sufficiently high risk of reputational harm to the investor. We show that such pressure policies harm both offshore and onshore investors and can benefit bo...
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作者：Reinikka, Ritva; Svensson, Jakob
作者单位：The World Bank; Stockholm University
摘要：In this paper we argue that innovations in governance of social services are an effective way to improve outcomes such as attainment of universal primary education. To test this hypothesis we exploit an unusual policy experiment: a newspaper campaign in Uganda aimed at reducing the capture of public funds by providing schools (parents) with systematic information to monitor local officials' handling of a large education grant program. Combining survey and administrative data, we show that publ...
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作者：Dhillon, Amrita; Rigolini, Jamele
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：We examine how formal and informal contract enforcing institutions interact in a competitive market with asymmetric information where consumers do not observe quality before purchase. Firm level incentives for producing high quality can be achieved with an informal enforcement mechanism, reputation, the efficacy of which is enhanced by consumers investing in connectedness: or with a formal mechanism, legal enforcement, the effectiveness of which can be reduced by means of bribes. We show that ...
