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作者：Gibbons, Stephen; Telhaj, Shqiponja
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Sussex
摘要：Pupil mobility between schools is something to be encouraged if it facilitates the efficient matching of pupils to provision, but discouraged if turnover imposes costs on other pupils through disruption in teaching and learning. With this in mind, we consider the externalities imposed by entrants on the achievements of incumbent pupils in English primary schools. We find that immobile pupils who experience high pupil entry rates in their yeargroups (a la US grades) progress less well academica...
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作者：Huber, John D.; Stanig, Piero
作者单位：Columbia University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We analyze how religion affects voting and redistribution. Our model directs attention away from the particular faith, belief or risk attitudes of religious individuals, and emphasizes instead how organized religion opens the door to standard group-based distributive politics. We argue that organized religion makes it possible for the rich and the religious poor to form electoral coalitions in favor of low taxes and limited redistribution. The losers are the secular poor. However, the material...
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作者：Koethenbuerger, Marko
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：Previous literature widely assumes that taxes are optimized in local public finance while expenditures adjust residually. This paper endogenizes the choice of the optimization variable. In particular, it analyzes how federal policy toward local governments' influences the way local governments decide on public policy. Unlike the usual presumption, the paper shows that local governments may choose to optimize over expenditures. The result holds when federal policy subsidizes local taxation. The...
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作者：Nishiyama, Shinichi
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：The present paper analyzes the budgetary, macroeconomic, and welfare effects of tax-deferred retirement saving accounts, similar to U.S. 401(k) plans, in a dynamic general-equilibrium overlapping-generations economy with heterogeneous households. Because of the initial deferral of tax payments, the short-run budgetary cost of tax-deferred accounts is significantly higher than the long-run cost. Therefore, the budget-neutral introduction of tax-deferred accounts would make current and near-futu...
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作者：Brekke, Kurt R.; Holmas, Tor Helge; Rune Straume, Odd
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Universidade do Minho; University of Bergen
摘要：We study the impact of regulation on competition between brand-names and generics and pharmaceutical expenditures using a unique policy experiment in Norway, where reference pricing (RP) replaced price cap regulation in 2003 for a sub-sample of off-patent products. First, we construct a vertical differentiation model to analyze the impact of regulation on prices and market shares of brand-names and generics. Then, we exploit a detailed panel data set at product level covering several off-paten...
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作者：Dischinger, Matthias; Riedel, Nadine
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University Hohenheim
摘要：Intangible assets, like patents and trademarks, are increasingly seen as the key to competitive success and as the drivers of corporate profit. Moreover, they constitute a major source of profit shifting opportunities in multinational enterprises (MNEs) due to a highly intransparent transfer pricing process. This paper argues that, for both reasons, MNEs have an incentive to locate intangible property at affiliates with a relatively low corporate tax rate. Using panel data on European MNEs and...
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作者：Meer, Jonathan
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：While the effects of peer pressure in charitable giving have been of considerable interest to social scientists, there is little empirical evidence on the magnitude of these effects. A correlation between giving or volunteering by one's peers and one's own giving can be driven by self-selection into groups, common shocks that inspire both the solicitor to ask and the individual to give, or social influence. Using data from a university, this paper analyzes whether alumni are more likely to giv...
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作者：Bracha, Anat; Menietti, Michael; Vesterlund, Lise
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：The public phase of a capital campaign is typically launched with the announcement of a large seed donation. Andreoni (1998) argues that such a fundraising strategy may be particularly effective when funds are being raised for projects that have fixed production costs. The reason is that when there are fixed costs of production simultaneous giving may result in both positive and zero provision equilibria. Thus absent announcements donors may get stuck in an equilibrium that fails to provide a ...
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作者：Llavador, Humberto; Solano-Garcia, Angel
作者单位：University of Granada; University of Granada; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes the political economy of immigration when the salient electoral issue is the level of immigrants and the relevant immigration policy is the expenditure in immigration control. We consider that immigration affects voters' welfare through economic and non-economic factors. We model political competition a la Wittman with the ideology of parties endogenously determined at equilibrium. At equilibrium, parties propose different levels of immigration, located to the left and to t...
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作者：Castillo, Marco; Ferraro, Paul J.; Jordan, Jeffrey L.; Petrie, Ragan
作者单位：George Mason University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We experimentally investigate the distribution of children's time preferences along gender and racial lines. We find that boys are more impatient than girls and black children are more impatient than white children. Black boys have the highest discount rates of all groups. Most importantly, we show that impatience has a direct correlation with behavior that is predictive of economic success. An increase of one standard deviation in the discount rate is associated with an increase in the number...
