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作者：De Fraja, Gianni; Valbonesi, Paola
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Leicester; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper compares the organisation of the university sector under unregulated private provision with the structure which would be chosen by a welfare maximising government. It studies a general equilibrium model where students attend university to earn higher incomes in the labour market, and universities teach them and carry out research. Each university chooses its tuition fee to maximise the amount of resources it can devote to research. Research bestows an externality on society. Governm...
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作者：Jaeger, David A.; Klor, Esteban F.; Miaari, Sami H.; Paserman, M. Daniele
作者单位：Boston University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; University of Cologne; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ono Academic College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines how violence influences the political preferences of an aggrieved constituency that is purportedly represented by militant factions. Using longitudinal public opinion poll micro data of the Palestinian population linked to data on fatalities from the Second Intifada, we find that although local Israeli violence discourages Palestinians from supporting moderate political positions, this radicalization is fleeting, and vanishes completely within 90 days. We do, however, find ...
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作者：Strand, Jon
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Heterogeneity of public utility services is common in developing countries. In a high-level equilibrium, the quality of utility services is high, consumer willingness to pay for services is high, the utility is well funded and staff well paid in order to induce high quality of performance. In a low-level equilibrium the opposite is the case. Which alternative occurs depends on both the quality of utility management, and public perceptions about service quality. If a utility administration has ...
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作者：Freedman, Matthew
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This paper examines the effects of investment subsidized by the federal government's New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) program, which provides tax incentives to encourage private investment in low-income neighborhoods. I identify the impacts of the program by taking advantage of a discontinuity in the rule determining the eligibility of census tracts for NMTC-subsidized investment. Using this discontinuity,as a source of quasi-experimental variation in commercial development across tracts, I find ...
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作者：Kolstad, Jonathan T.; Kowalski, Amanda E.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In April 2006, Massachusetts passed legislation aimed at achieving near-universal health insurance coverage. The key features of this legislation were a model for national health reform, passed in March 2010. The reform gives us a novel opportunity to examine the impact of expansion to near-universal coverage state-wide. Among hospital discharges in Massachusetts, we find that the reform decreased uninsurance by 36% relative to its initial level and to other states. Reform affected utilization...
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作者：Levinson, Arik
作者单位：Georgetown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper describes and implements a method for valuing a time-varying local public good: air quality. It models survey respondents' self-reported happiness as a function of their demographic characteristics, incomes, and the air pollution and weather on the date and in the place they were surveyed. People with higher incomes report higher levels of happiness, and people interviewed on days with worse local air pollution report lower levels of happiness. Combining these two concepts, I derive...
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作者：Brunner, Eric J.; Cho, Sung-Woo; Reback, Randall
作者单位：Columbia University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Columbia University Teachers College; Columbia University
摘要：In theoretical models of residential sorting, a household's location decision is closely linked to its demand for local public services, such as schooling. Since school choice programs weaken the link between residential location and schooling options, they have the potential to affect both property values and residential location choices. Results derived from computable general equilibrium models suggest these effects could be large, but there is limited empirical evidence concerning whether ...
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作者：Thoeni, Christian; Tyran, Jean-Robert; Wengstrom, Erik
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Lausanne; University of Vienna; Lund University
摘要：Research on social capital routinely relies on survey measures of trust which can be collected in large and heterogeneous samples at low cost. We validate such survey measures in an incentivized public good experiment and show that they are importantly related to cooperation behavior in a large and heterogeneous sample. We provide evidence on the microfoundation of this relation by use of an experimental design that enables us to disentangle preferences for cooperation from beliefs about other...
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作者：Bjorklund, Anders; Roine, Jesper; Waldenstrom, Daniel
作者单位：Stockholm University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University; Stockholm School of Economics; Uppsala University
摘要：This paper presents new evidence on intergenerational mobility at the top of the income and earnings distributions. Using a large dataset of matched father-son pairs in Sweden, we find that intergenerational transmission is very strong at the top, more so for income than for earnings. At the extreme top (top 0.1%) income transmission is remarkable with an intergenerational elasticity of approximately 0.9. We also study potential transmission mechanisms and find that IQ non-cognitive skills and...
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作者：Galbiati, Roberto; Zanella, Giulio
作者单位：University of Bologna; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We estimate social externalities of tax evasion in a model where congestion of the auditing resources of local tax authorities generates a social multiplier. Identification is based on a contrast of the variance of tax evasion at different levels of aggregation. We use a unique data set that contains audits of about 80,000 small businesses and professionals in Italy and also provides an exact measure of reference groups in our model. We find a social multiplier of about 3, which means that the...
