-
作者：McAfee, R. Preston; Miller, Alan D.
作者单位：University of Haifa; University of Haifa; Yahoo! Inc
摘要：We develop a model of scarce, renewable resources to study the commons problem. We show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, property rights can often be less efficient than a commons. In particular, we study two effects: (1) waste which arises when individuals expend resources to use a resource unavailable due to congestion and (2) the risk of underutilization of the resource. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for each effect to dominate the other when the cost of determining t...
-
作者：Marie, Olivier; Vall Castello, Judit
作者单位：Universitat de Girona; Maastricht University; Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：We analyze the employment effect of a law that provides for a 36% increase in the generosity of disability insurance (DI) for claimants who are, as a result of their lack of skills and of the labour market conditions they face, deemed unlikely to find a job. The selection process for treatment is therefore conditional on having a low probability of employment, making evaluation of its effect intrinsically difficult. We exploit the fact that the benefit increase is only available to individuals...
-
作者：van der Ploeg, Frederick; Withagen, Cees
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Oxford; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Our main message is that it is optimal to use less coal and more oil once one takes account of coal being a backstop which emits much more CO2 than oil. The way of achieving this is to have a steeply rising carbon tax during the initial oil-only phase, a less-steeply rising carbon tax during the intermediate phase where oil and coal are used alongside each other and the following coal-only phase, and a flat carbon tax during the final renewables-only phase. The laissez-faire outcome uses coal ...
-
作者：Gordon, Roger H.; Cullen, Julie Berry
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Though the traditional literature in fiscal federalism argues that the Federal government should have primary responsibility for income redistribution, U.S. states are in fact actively engaged in redistribution. This paper develops a positive model of the respective roles of state and Federal governments that can rationalize this observation. Redistribution by states creates positive horizontal fiscal externalities to other states due to migration, but negative vertical fiscal externalities to...
-
作者：Ellingsen, Tore; Paltseva, Elena
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Does voluntary contracting suffice for the efficient provision of excludable public goods? Even in a complete information environment, we find that the answer is negative. The reason is that some agents may profit from not participating at the provision stage, but instead negotiate access ex post. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Cotton, Christopher
作者单位：University of Miami
-
作者：Ferraz, Claudio; Finan, Frederico; Moreira, Diana B.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines if money matters in education by looking at whether missing resources due to corruption affect student outcomes. We use data from the auditing of Brazil's local governments to construct objective measures of corruption involving educational block grants transferred from the central government to municipalities. Using variation in the incidence of corruption across municipalities and controlling for student, school, and municipal characteristics, we find a significant negati...
-
作者：Dolls, Mathias; Fuest, Clemens; Peichl, Andreas
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Cologne
摘要：This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the tax and transfer systems in the EU and the US to provide income insurance through automatic stabilization in the recent economic crisis. We find that automatic stabilizers absorb 38% of a proportional income shock in the EU, compared to 32% in the US. In the case of an unemployment shock 47% of the shock is absorbed in the EU, compared to 34% in the US. This cushioning of disposable income leads to a demand stabilization of up to 30% in the EU and u...
-
作者：Hwang, Sung-Ha
作者单位：Sogang University
摘要：This paper studies how the technology of military conflict affects the allocation of resources in military spending (guns) and productive investment (butter). We first identify the fundamental property of conflict technology which the two commonly used contest success functions, the difference and ratio forms, share. Using this property, named the constant elasticity of augmentation, we construct a new class of contest success functions, hence generalizing the two forms. We provide axiomatic a...
-
作者：Pastine, Ivan; Pastine, Tuvana
作者单位：Maynooth University; University College Dublin
摘要：This paper presents a model which captures the three main arguments for and against campaign spending limits. Campaign spending limits are purported to restrict the incumbent's ability to exploit his fundraising advantage. In contrast to conventional wisdom, a ceiling increases the incumbent's probability of victory regardless of the candidates' relative fundraising abilities as long as the challenger is not more effective in campaign spending. If the challenger is more effective in campaign s...
