-
作者：Gregg, Paul; Grout, Paul A.; Ratcliffe, Anita; Smith, Sarah; Windmeijer, Frank
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Bristol; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：A number of papers have suggested that pro-social behaviour in the workplace may be sensitive to the institutional environment, but there is little empirical research that attempts to test this directly using data on worker behaviour. This is the aim of this paper. We show that individuals in the non-profit sector are significantly more likely to do unpaid overtime than those in the for-profit sector. However, we find no evidence of adjustment along either the extensive or intensive margins wh...
-
作者：Imberman, Scott A.
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Charter schools have seen dramatic growth over the last decade. However, we know little about how they affect traditional public schools. I look at how charters affect student outcomes in public schools using data from a large urban school district in the southwest. Unlike prior work that relies on school fixed effects, I address the endogenous location of charter schools using an instrumental variables strategy that relies on plausibly exogenous variation in local building supply. Results sho...
-
作者：McManus, Brian; Bennet, Richard
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We conduct a field experiment at a nonprofit organization's online store to study how demand changes when consumers' purchases can generate revenue for a charitable cause. When purchases can trigger a small donation by an outside anonymous group, consumers respond strongly and apparently without regard for the specific conditions that trigger the donation. Consumers respond similarly when the outside donation requires a personal donation which consumers generally decline. When the outside dona...
-
作者：Markevich, Andrei; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
作者单位：New Economic School; University of Warwick; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We test the premise of the theoretical literature that M-form political hierarchies are effective in creating yardstick competition between regional divisions only when those divisions have sufficiently diversified or similar industrial composition. The reason for this is that the competition among poorly diversified interrelated divisions creates incentives for regional leaders to pursue policies that inhibit industrial growth in neighboring regions in order to make their own region look bett...
-
作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Hoekstra, Mark; West, James E.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California Davis; United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy
摘要：The increase in obesity over the past 30 years has led researchers to investigate the role of social networks as a contributing factor. However, several challenges make it difficult to demonstrate a causal link between friends' physical fitness and own fitness using observational data. To overcome these problems, we exploit data from a unique setting in which individuals are randomly assigned to peer groups. We find statistically significant positive peer effects that are roughly half as large...
-
作者：Eichner, Thomas; Runkel, Marco
作者单位：Otto von Guericke University; Fern University Hagen
摘要：This paper contributes to the discussion on Separate Accounting versus Formula Apportionment in the corporate income taxation of multinational enterprises. The innovation is that we consider a general equilibrium tax competition model with an endogenous interest rate. In contrast to previous studies, we show that tax rates are inefficiently low not only under Separate Accounting, but also under Formula Apportionment. Moreover, we identify a wide range of empirically relevant cases where Formul...
-
作者：Linardi, Sera; McConnell, Margaret A.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：We study the effect of the social environment on the quantity and quality of voluntary labor contributions. By extending Benabou and Tirole's (2006) image signaling framework, we derive theoretical predictions on time volunteered given (1) the availability of excuses to stop volunteering and (2) the presence of an authority figure. We test these predictions in an experiment where laboratory subjects are directly involved in a local nonprofit operation. We find that in the absence of excuses to...
-
作者：Anderson, Gordon; Crawford, Ian; Leicester, Andrew
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Toronto
摘要：Economic and social welfare is inherently multidimensional. However, choosing a measure which combines several indicators is difficult and may have unintendend and undesirable effects on the incentives of policy makers. We develop a nonparametric empirical method for deriving welfare rankings for a social planner based on data envelopment, which avoids the need to specify a weighting scheme. We apply this method to data on Human Development. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Frydman, Carola; Molloy, Raven S.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：The trends in executive pay and labor income tax rates since the 1940s suggest a high elasticity of taxable income with respect to tax policy. By contrast, the level and structure of executive compensation have been largely unresponsive to tax incentives since the 19805. However, the relative tax advantage of different forms of pay was small during this period. Using a sample of top executives in large firms from 1946 to 2005, we also find a small short run response of salaries, qualified stoc...
-
作者：Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of St Gallen
摘要：This paper studies the effect of a large-scale policy change in the Austrian disability insurance program, which tightened eligibility criteria for men above a certain age. Using administrative data on the universe of Austrian private-sector employees, the results of difference-in-difference regressions suggest a substantial and statistically significant decline in disability enrollment of 6 to 7.4 percentage points and an increase in employment of 1.6 to 3.4 percentage points. The policy chan...
