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作者：Lechner, Michael; Wunsch, Conny
作者单位：University of St Gallen
摘要：We estimate short-run, medium-run, and long-run individual labor market effects of training programs for the unemployed by following program participation on a monthly basis over a 10-year period. Since analyzing the effectiveness of training over such a long period is impossible with experimental data, we use an administrative database compiled for evaluating German training programs. Based on matching estimation adapted to address the various issues that arise in this particular context, we ...
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作者：Marinescu, Ioana
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Even in countries with high average job security, workers with low tenure typically enjoy very limited job protection. This study analyzes the impact of such a feature on job duration. It uses a 1999 British reform that increased job security for workers with 1-2 years of tenure. The firing hazard for these workers decreased by 26% relative to the hazard for workers with 2-4 years of tenure. The firing hazard for workers with 0-1 year of tenure also decreased by 19%, which is consistent with b...
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作者：Card, David; McCall, Brian P.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Contrary to the original intention of no-fault workers' compensation laws, employers deny liability for a substantial fraction of on-the-job injuries. We develop and estimate a simple structural model that explains the high rate of litigation as a consequence of asymmetric information. We estimate the model using data for a large sample of back injuries in Minnesota. Simulations under the counterfactual assumption that all denied workers pursue their claims suggest that the strategic incentive...
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作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：The reshuffling of students due to the end of student busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg provides a unique opportunity to investigate the relationship between changes in student attributes and changes in teacher quality that are not confounded with changes in school or neighborhood characteristics. Comparisons of ordinary least squares and instrumental variable results suggest that spatial correlation between teachers' residences, students' residences, and schools could lead to spurious correlati...
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作者：Arai, Mahmood; Thoursie, Peter Skogman
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：We study the effects of surname change to Swedish-sounding or neutral names on earnings for immigrants from Asian/African/Slavic countries. To estimate this effect, we exploit the variation resulting from different timing of name changes across individuals during the 1990s. The results imply that there is a substantial increase in annual earnings after a name change, no effects on earnings prior to a name change, and no positive general effects of a new name for other groups that renounced a f...
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作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Fullerton, Richard L.; West, James E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy
摘要：We estimate peer effects in college achievement using a data set in which individuals are exogenously assigned to peer groups of about 30 students with whom they are required to spend the majority of their time interacting. This feature enables us to estimate peer effects that are more comparable to changing the entire cohort of peers. Using this broad peer group, we measure academic peer effects of much larger magnitude than found in previous studies. The effects persist at a diminished rate ...
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作者：Weiss, Yoram
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
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作者：Giuliano, Laura; Levine, David I.; Leonard, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Miami; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Using personnel data from a large U. S. retail firm, we examine whether the race or ethnicity of the hiring manager affects the racial composition of new hires. We exploit manager turnover to estimate models with store fixed effects and store-specific trends. First, we find that all non-black managers-that is, whites, Hispanics, and Asians-hire more whites and fewer blacks than do black managers. This is especially true in the South. Second, in locations with large Hispanic populations, Hispan...
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作者：Fox, Jeremy T.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：I present the fact that wage gaps due to firm size increase with job responsibility. I use Swedish data to determine whether wage gaps increase with a direct measure of job responsibility, to compare the age patterns of the wage gaps for blue- and white-collar workers, and to compare wages by job responsibility and spans of control. With U. S. data, I compare supervisory to nonsupervisory occupations and find that wage gaps increase with job responsibility for most occupational ladders. This f...
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作者：Iranzo, Susana; Schivardi, Fabiano; Tosetti, Elisa
作者单位：University of Cagliari; University of Cambridge
摘要：We study the relation between workers' skill dispersion and firm productivity using a unique data set of Italian manufacturing firms with individual records on all their workers. Our measure of skill is the individual worker's effect from a wage equation. We find that a firm's productivity is positively related to skill dispersion within occupational status groups ( production and nonproduction workers) and negatively related to skill dispersion between these groups. Consistently, most of the ...
