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作者：Bratsberg, Bernt; Raaum, Oddbjorn; Roed, Knut
摘要：Life cycle employment of minority labor migrants who entered Norway in the early 1970s diverges from that of natives. Immigrant employment was nearly complete during early years but declined to 50% by the year 2000 (compared to 87% for a native comparison group). We find that immigrant employment is particularly sensitive to the business cycle and that economic downturns of the 1980s and 1990s accelerated their labor market exit. We trace part of the decline to migrants being overrepresented i...
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作者：Ransom, Michael R.; Sims, David P.
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：In the context of certain dynamic models, it is possible to infer the elasticity of labor supply to the firm from the elasticity of the quit rate with respect to the wage. Using this property, we estimate the average labor supply elasticity to public school districts in Missouri. We leverage the plausibly exogenous variation in prenegotiated district salary schedules to instrument for actual salary. These estimates imply a labor supply elasticity of about 3.7, suggesting that school districts ...
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作者：Howell, Jessica S.
作者单位：California State University System; California State University Sacramento
摘要：This research examines the determinants of the match between high school seniors and postsecondary institutions in the United States. I model college application decisions as a nonsequential search problem and specify a unified structural model of college application, admission, and matriculation decisions that are all functions of unobservable individual heterogeneity. The results indicate that black and Hispanic representation at all 4-year colleges is predicted to decline modestly-by 2%-if ...
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作者：Naidu, Suresh
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This article studies the effect of recruitment restrictions on mobility and wages in the postbellum U.S. South. I estimate the effects of criminal fines charged for enticement (recruiting workers already under contract) on sharecropper mobility, tenancy choice, and agricultural wages. I find that a $13 (10%) increase in the enticement fine lowered the probability of a move by black sharecroppers by 12%, daily wages by 1 cent (.1%), and the returns to experience for blacks by 0.6% per year. The...
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作者：Camargo, Braz; Stinebrickner, Ralph; Stinebrickner, Todd
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Western University (University of Western Ontario); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use unique longitudinal data to provide direct evidence about interracial friendships at different stages of college and to provide new evidence about some of the reasons for the observed patterns of interaction. We find that, while much sorting exists at all stages of college, black and white students are, in reality, very compatible as friends; randomly assigned roommates of different races are as likely to become friends as randomly assigned roommates of the same race. Further, we find t...
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作者：Schwarz, Michael; Severinov, Sergei
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：We study investment tournaments, a class of decision problems involving gradual allocation of investment among several alternatives whose values are subject to shocks. The decision maker's payoff is determined by the final values of the alternatives. An important example of such tournaments is the career choice problem, since a person typically starts by investing in learning several professions. We show that in many cases it is optimal for the decision maker to allocate all resources to the m...
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作者：Staiger, Douglas O.; Spetz, Joanne; Phibbs, Ciaran S.
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University
摘要：Recent theoretical and empirical advances have renewed interest in monopsonistic models of the labor market. However, there is little direct empirical support for these models. We use an exogenous change in wages at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals as a natural experiment to investigate the extent of monopsony in the nurse labor market. We estimate that labor supply to individual hospitals is quite inelastic, with short-run elasticity around 0.1. We also find that non-VA hospitals...
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作者：Priest, George L.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper addresses Alvin Roth's findings of market contracting at times earlier than optimal for market participants, which Roth describes as market unraveling, a market failure he proposes to solve by designing centralized buyer-seller matching programs. This paper shows that, while Roth's engineering solutions are ingenious, the early contracting phenomena derive from labor market monopsony. Under monopsony, price is unavailable to clear the market; time of contract becomes the currency fo...
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作者：Hirsch, Boris; Schank, Thorsten; Schnabel, Claus
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This article investigates women's and men's labor supply to the firm within a semistructural approach based on a dynamic model of new monopsony. Using methods of survival analysis and a large linked employer-employee data set for Germany, we find that labor supply elasticities are small (1.9-3.7) and that women's labor supply to the firm is less elastic than men's (which is the reverse of gender differences in labor supply usually found at the level of the market). Our results imply that at le...
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作者：Cunat, Vicente; Guadalupe, Maria
作者单位：University of London; London Business School; Columbia University
摘要：This article studies the effect of changes in foreign competition on the structure of compensation and incentives of U. S. executives. We find that import penetration (instrumented with exchange rates and tariffs) leads to more incentive provision in a variety of ways. First, it increases the sensitivity of pay to performance. Second, it increases within-firm pay differentials between executive levels, with CEOs typically experiencing the largest wage increases. Finally, higher foreign competi...
