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作者：Black, Dan; Kolesnikova, Natalia; Taylor, Lowell
作者单位：University of Chicago; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Economists generally assume, implicitly, that the return to schooling is invariant across local labor markets. We demonstrate that this outcome pertains if and only if preferences are homothetic-a special case that seems unlikely. Our theory predicts that returns to education will instead be relatively low in expensive high-amenity locations. Our analysis of U. S. data provides support for this contention; returns to college are especially low in such cities as San Francisco and Seattle. Our f...
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作者：Martins, Pedro S.
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Universidade de Lisboa; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This article presents evidence about the effects of dismissals-for-cause requirements, a specific component of employment protection legislation that has received little attention. I study a quasi-experiment generated by a law introduced in Portugal: out of the 12 paragraphs in the law that dictated the costly procedure required for dismissals for cause, eight did not apply to small firms. Using matched employer-employee longitudinal data and difference-in-differences methods, I examine the im...
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作者：Ammermueller, Andreas; Pischke, Joern-Steffen
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We estimate peer effects for fourth graders in six European countries. The identification relies on variation across classes within schools, which we argue are formed roughly randomly. The estimates are much reduced within schools compared to the standard ordinary least squares (OLS) results. This could be explained either by selection into schools or by measurement error in the peer variable. Correcting for measurement error, we find within-school estimates close to the original OLS estimates...
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作者：Seitz, Shannon
作者单位：Boston College; Queens University - Canada
摘要：What can account for the differences in marriage and employment decisions across blacks and whites? To answer this question, I develop a dynamic, equilibrium model of marriage. Two explanations for the racial differences in behavior are considered: differences in population supplies and wages. Black-white differences in population supplies explain one-fifth of the difference in marriage rates and between one-fifth and one-third of the differences in employment rates across race. Removing the r...
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作者：Griffith, Rachel; Neely, Andrew
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Cambridge
摘要：This article exploits a quasi-experimental setting to estimate the impact that a commonly used performance-related pay scheme had on branch performance in a large distribution firm. The scheme, which is based on the Balanced Scorecard, was implemented in all branches in one division but not in another. Branches from the second division are used as a control group. Our results suggest that the Balanced Scorecard had some impact but that it varied with branch characteristics, and, in particular,...
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作者：Chemin, Matthieu; Wasmer, Etienne
作者单位：University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：France's 1998 implementation of the 35-hour workweek has been one of the greatest regulatory shocks on labor markets. Few studies evaluate the impact of this regulation because of a lack of identification strategies. For historical reasons due to the way Alsace-Moselle was returned to France in 1918, the implementation of France's 35-hour workweek was less stringent in that region than in the rest of the country, which is confirmed by double and triple differences. Yet it shows no significant ...
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作者：Damm, Anna Piil
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：I examine the effects of the ethnic enclave size on labor market outcomes of immigrants. I account for ability sorting into enclaves by exploiting a Danish spatial dispersal policy under which refugees were randomly dispersed across locations. First, I find strong evidence that refugees with unfavorable unobserved characteristics self-select into ethnic enclaves. Second, a relative standard deviation increase in the ethnic enclave size increases annual earnings by 18% on average, irrespective ...
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作者：Lovenheim, Michael F.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Using a unique data set on teachers' union election certifications from Iowa, Indiana, and Minnesota, I estimate the effect of teachers' unions on school district resources and on student educational attainment. My empirical strategy allows for nonparametric leads and lags of union age. I find no impact on teacher pay or per student district expenditures but that unions increase teacher employment by 5%. I find no class size effect because of enrollment increases in unionized districts, and I ...
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作者：Hanushek, Eric A.; Kain, John F.; Rivkin, Steven G.
作者单位：Stanford University; Amherst College; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Uncovering the effect of school racial composition is difficult because racial mixing is not accidental but instead an outcome of government and family choices. Using rich panel data on the achievement of Texas students, we disentangle racial composition effects from other aspects of school quality and from differences in abilities and family background. The estimates strongly indicate that a higher percentage of black schoolmates reduces achievement for blacks, while it implies a much smaller...
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作者：Huang, Chong; Li, Hongbin; Liu, Pak Wai; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of Pennsylvania; Tsinghua University
摘要：Spousal education is correlated with earnings for two reasons: cross-productivity between couples and assortative mating. This article empirically disentangles the two effects by using Chinese twins data. We have two innovations: using twins data to control for the unobserved mating effect in our estimations and estimating both current and wedding-time earnings equations. We find that both cross-productivity and mating are important in explaining the current earnings. Although the mating effec...
