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作者：Stinebrickner, Ralph; Stinebrickner, Todd
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：We estimate a dynamic learning model of college dropout, taking advantage of unique expectations data to greatly reduce our reliance on standard assumptions. Our simulations show that 45% of dropout in the first 2 years of college can be attributed to what students learn about their academic performance, with this type of learning playing a smaller role later in college. Poorly performing students tend to leave because staying is not worthwhile rather than because they are at risk of failing o...
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作者：Chatterji, Aaron K.; Chay, Kenneth Y.; Fairlie, Robert W.
作者单位：Duke University; Brown University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：In the 1980s, many US cities initiated programs reserving a proportion of government contracts for minority-owned businesses. The staggered introduction of these set-aside programs is used to estimate their impacts on the self-employment and employment rates of African American men. Black business ownership rates increased significantly after program initiation, with the black-white gap falling 3 percentage points. The evidence that the racial gap in employment also fell is less clear as it de...
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作者：Plug, Erik; Webbink, Dinand; Martin, Nick
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; University of Queensland
摘要：This article examines whether gay and lesbian workers sort into tolerant occupations. With information on sexual orientation, prejudice, and occupational choice taken from Australian Twin Registers, we find that gays and lesbians shy away from prejudiced occupations. We show that our segregation results are largely driven by those gay and lesbian workers with disclosed identities and are robust to the inclusion of unobserved factors that are inherited and observed factors that strongly correla...
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作者：Blinder, Alan S.; Krueger, Alan B.
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：This article reports on household survey measurements of the offshorability of jobs, defined as the ability to perform the work from abroad. We develop multiple measures of offshorability, using both self-reporting and professional coders. All measures find that roughly 25% of US jobs are offshorable. Our three preferred measures agree between 70% and 80% of the time. Professional coders appear to provide the most accurate assessments. Empirically, more educated workers appear to hold somewhat...
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作者：Johnson, Matthew; Keane, Michael P.
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：We develop an equilibrium model of the US labor market, fit to Panel Study of Income Dynamics data from 1968-96. Our main innovation is a finer differentiation of types of labor than in prior work (i.e., by occupation, education, gender, and age). This lets us fit wage and employment patterns better than simpler models. We obtain a good fit to wages and occupational choices over the 29-year period while also explaining college attendance rates. We use the model to assess factors driving change...
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作者：Figlio, David; Rush, Mark; Yin, Lu
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：This article presents the first experimental evidence on the effects of live versus Internet media of instruction. Students in a large introductory microeconomics course at a major research university were randomly assigned to live lectures versus watching these same lectures in an Internet setting where all other factors ((e.g., instruction, supplemental materials)) were the same. We find modest evidence that live-only instruction dominates Internet instruction. These results are particularly...
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作者：Goodman, Sarena F.; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：Columbia University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Teacher compensation schemes are often criticized for lacking a performance-based component. Proponents argue that teacher incentive pay can raise student achievement and stimulate system-wide innovation. We examine a group-based teacher incentive scheme implemented in New York City and investigate whether specific features of the program contributed to its ineffectiveness. Although overall the program had little effect on student achievement, we show that in schools where incentives to free r...
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作者：Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Pekkarinen, Tuomas; Uusitalo, Roope
作者单位：Wellesley College; Aalto University
摘要：We evaluate the effects of the school system on mathematical, verbal, and logical reasoning skills using data from the Finnish comprehensive school reform that abolished the two-track school system. We use a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the gradual implementation across the country. Cognitive skills are measured using test scores from the Finnish Army Basic Skills Test. The reform had small positive effects on verbal test scores but no effect on the mean performance in the ...
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作者：Bredemeier, Christian; Juessen, Falko
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; University of Wuppertal
摘要：This paper investigates married women's hours worked disaggregated by the husband's wage decile. In the United States, this pattern has changed from downward sloping to hump shaped. We show that this development can be explained within a standard household model of labor supply when taking into account trends in assortative mating. A quantitative analysis of our model shows that female wage growth and decreasing fertility are primarily responsible for the overall increase in wives' hours since...
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作者：Cheron, Arnaud; Hairault, Jean-Olivier; Langot, Francois
作者单位：Le Mans Universite; Universite Catholique de Lille; EDHEC Business School; Paris School of Economics; heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne
摘要：This paper extends the job creation--job destruction approach to the labor market to take into account a deterministic finite horizon. As hirings and separations depend on the time over which investment costs can be recouped, the life-cycle setting implies age-differentiated labor-market flows. While search by the unemployed falls with age, the separation rate is rather U-shaped over the life cycle. Worker heterogeneity in the context of undirected search implies an intergenerational externali...
