-
作者：Persico, Claudia; Figlio, David; Roth, Jeffrey
作者单位：American University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：We use population-level data on all Florida children born between 1994 and 2002 to examine the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to environmental toxicants from a Superfund (toxic waste) site. We compare siblings who faced different toxic exposures during gestation because of Superfund site cleanup (or, in other specifications, because of a family move). Children exposed to toxic waste while gestating have substantially worse cognitive and behavioral outcomes than do their unaffected sibl...
-
作者：Groen, Jeffrey A.; Kutzbach, Mark J.; Polivka, Anne E.
作者单位：United States Department of Labor; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
摘要：Hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated the US Gulf Coast in 2005. We use job-level data to compare the evolution of earnings for affected workers in four states with workers from matched control counties. We attribute short-term earnings losses to job separations and long-term gains to wage growth in the affected areas. Wages rose due to reduced labor supply and increased labor demand in the affected labor markets. Damage to a worker's residence or workplace accentuated short-term earnings los...
-
作者：Bates, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：Informational asymmetries between employers may inhibit optimal worker mobility. However, researchers rarely observe shocks to employers' information. I exploit two school districts' adoptions of value-added (VA) measures of teacher effectiveness-informational shocks to some, but not all, employers-to provide direct tests of asymmetric employer learning. I develop a learning model and test its predictions for teacher mobility. I find that adopting VA increases within-district mobility of high-...
-
作者：Doleac, Jennifer L.; Hansen, Benjamin
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Oregon
摘要：Jurisdictions across the United States have adopted ban the box (BTB) policies preventing employers from asking about job applicants' criminal records until late in the hiring process. Their goal is to improve employment outcomes for those with criminal records, with a secondary goal of reducing racial disparities in employment. However, removing criminal history information could increase statistical discrimination against demographic groups that include more ex-offenders. We use variation in...
-
作者：Fryer, Roland G., Jr.; Howard-Noveck, Meghan
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This study examines the impact on student achievement of high-dosage reading tutoring for middle school students in New York City public schools, using a school-level randomized field experiment. Across 3 years, schools offered at least 130 hours of four-on-one tutoring based on a guided reading model. At the mean, tutoring had a positive and significant effect on school attendance, a positive but insignificant effect on English language arts (ELA) state test scores, and no effect on math stat...
-
作者：Rizzica, Lucia
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between aspirations and inequality in higher education participation. Using a regression discontinuity design, I evaluate the impact of a national-scale United Kingdom policy aimed at raising the aspirations toward college education of pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds by involving them in outreach activities. The results show that the policy successfully raised the aspirations of the target students and their participation in postcompulsory educati...
-
作者：De Haan, Monique; Leuven, Edwin
作者单位：University of Oslo; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Statistics Norway; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We investigate the effect of Head Start on education and wage income for individuals in their 30s in the NLSY79. We contribute to the existing literature by examining effects across outcome distributions, using an approach that relies on two weak stochastic dominance assumptions that can be checked using pre-Head Start cohorts. We find that Head Start has positive and statistically significant effects on years of education and wage income. We also uncover important heterogeneity in the program...
-
作者：Bianchi, Nicola
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Increasing access to education may have consequences that go beyond effects on marginal students encouraged to enroll. It may change peer effects, school quality, and returns to skill. This paper studies how classmates and teaching inputs affect learning of university students, exploiting an educational expansion in Italian STEM majors. Newly collected data on 27,236 students indicate that less prepared classmates and congestion of teaching resources lowered learning of incumbent students in S...
-
作者：Felfe, Christina; Rainer, Helmut; Saurer, Judith
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper examines whether the introduction of birthright citizenship in Germany affected immigrant children's educational outcomes at the first three stages of the education system: preschool, primary school, and secondary school. Using a birth date cutoff as a source of exogenous variation, we find that the policy (i) increased immigrant children's participation in noncompulsory preschool education, (ii) had positive effects on key developmental outcomes measured at the end of the preschool...
-
作者：Murphy, Richard
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper provides evidence for why individuals join unions instead of free riding. I model membership as legal insurance. To test the model, I use the incidence of news stories concerning allegations against teachers in the United Kingdom as a plausibly exogenous shock to demand for such insurance. I find that for every five stories occurring in a region, teachers are 2.2 percentage points more likely to be members in the subsequent year. These effects are larger when teachers share characte...
