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作者：Brenoe, Anne Ardila; Zoelitz, Ulf
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Copenhagen; University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We investigate how high school gender composition affects students' participation in STEM at college. Using Danish administrative data, we exploit idiosyncratic within-school variation in gender composition. We find that having a larger proportion of female peers reduces women's probability of enrolling in and graduating from STEM programs. Men's STEM participation increases with more female peers present. In the long run, women exposed to more female peers are less likely to work in STEM occu...
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作者：Albouy, David; Chernoff, Alex; Lutz, Chandler; Warman, Casey
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bank of Canada; U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC); Dalhousie University
摘要：We examine US and Canadian local labor markets from 1990 to 2011 using comparable household and business data. Wage levels and inequality rise with city population in both countries, albeit less in Canada. Neither country saw wage levels converge despite contrasting migration patterns from/to high-wage areas. Local labor demand shifts raise nominal wages similarly, although in Canada they attract immigrant and highly skilled workers more while raising housing costs less. Chinese import competi...
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作者：Hoynes, Hilary; Stabile, Mark
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; INSEAD Business School
摘要：The past quarter-century has seen substantial change in the social safety nets for families with children in the United States and Canada. Both countries have moved away from cash welfare, but the United States has relied more on work requirements. We examine the implications for the employment and poverty of low-educated single mothers. We find that employment improved substantially in both countries, absolutely and relative to a control group of single women without children. Poverty rates a...
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作者：Kottelenberg, Michael J.; Lehrer, Steven F.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Queens University - Canada; New York University; NYU Shanghai; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using the Youth in Transition Survey, we estimate a Roy model with a three-dimensional latent factor structure to consider how parental valuation of education, cognitive skills, and noncognitive skills influence endogenous schooling decisions and subsequent labor market outcomes. We find that the effect of cognitive skills on adult incomes arises by increasing the likelihood of obtaining further education. Furthermore, we find that both noncognitive skills and parental valuation for education ...
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作者：Kroft, Kory; Lange, Fabian; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.; Tudball, Matthew
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; McGill University; Northwestern University
摘要：We compare patterns of unemployment between Canada and the United States during the Great Recession. We document a rise in long-term unemployment in Canada, similar to findings in earlier work. We consider an extended matching model using restricted-access data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey, which contains information on time since last job for both unemployed and nonparticipants. We create a new historical vacancy series for Canada based on relative employment in recruiting industries...
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作者：Goodman, Joshua; Melkers, Julia; Pallais, Amanda
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：Most research on online education compares student performance across online and in-person formats. We provide the first evidence that online education affects the number of people pursuing education by studying Georgia Tech's Online MS in Computer Science, the earliest model offering a highly ranked degree at low cost. A regression discontinuity in admission shows that program access substantially increases overall educational enrollment. By satisfying large, previously unmet demand for midca...
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作者：Bredemeier, Christian; Gravert, Jan; Juessen, Falko
作者单位：University of Cologne; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Wuppertal; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Conventional estimates of Frisch labor supply elasticities are biased in the presence of borrowing constraints. We develop an incomplete-markets model with two-earner households and derive a new estimation approach for the Frisch elasticity that yields unbiased estimates even in samples that include borrowing-constrained households. Our approach exploits that the strength of the estimation bias depends on individuals' relative contribution to household earnings. It takes the form of a simple i...
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作者：Fradkin, Andrey; Panier, Frederic; Tojerow, Ilan
作者单位：Boston University; McKinsey & Company; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the role of shocks to parental income in determining the labor market outcomes of children entering the labor market. We find that a child whose parent loses a job prior to the child's labor market entry is, on average, induced to work 9% more in the 3 years following labor market entry than a child whose parents lose a job after the child's entry. This effect is concentrated on the extensive margin and decreases in magnitude over time. We find no evidence that these shocks affect the...
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作者：Goodman, Joshua
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Despite great focus on and public investment in STEM education, little causal evidence connects quantitative coursework to students' economic outcomes. I show that state changes in minimum high school math requirements substantially increase black students' completed math coursework and their later earnings. The marginal student's return to an additional math course is 10%, roughly half the return to a year of high school, and is partly explained by a shift toward more cognitively skilled occu...
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作者：Baker, Michael; Currie, Janet; Schwandt, Hannes
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; Northwestern University
摘要：Mortality is a crucial indicator of well-being, and recent mortality trends have been a subject of public debate in many Western countries. This paper compares mortality inequality in Canada and the United States over the period 1990/91 through 2010/11. In Canada, mortality inequality remained constant among the youngest but increased for men over 24 and women over 14. In contrast, in the United States, mortality inequality fell for children and youth and either modestly increased or held stea...
