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作者：Phipps, Aaron
摘要：In theory, monitoring can improve employee motivation and effort,particularly in settings lacking measurable outputs, but research as-sessing monitoring as a motivator is limited to laboratory settings.To address this gap, I leverage exogenous variation in the presenceand intensity of teacher monitoring, in the form of unannounced in-class observations as part of DC public schools'IMPACT program.As monitoring intensifies, teachers use more individualized teachingand emphasize higher-level lear...
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作者：Ichino, Andrea; Olsson, Martin; Petrongolo, Barbara; Skogman Thoursie, Peter
作者单位：University of Bologna; European University Institute; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Stockholm University
摘要：We investigate the role of gender norms in shaping parental childcare following changes in the relative take-home pay of mothers and fathers. Exploiting variation from Swedish tax reforms, we estimate the elasticity of substitution in parental childcare for native and immigrant couples from a variety of countries characterized by varying gender norms. Couples originating from countries with relatively conservative norms are more likely to reallocate childcare to mothers following a reduction i...
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作者：Cascio, Elizabeth; Lewis, Ethan
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College
摘要：Does opening the door to US citizenship for unauthorized immigrants cause out-of-control chain migration? We address this question using variation from the legalization programs of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). Exploiting IRCA's introduction and differences across metropolitan areas in program intensity, we estimate that each IRCA-legalized Mexican was responsible for the subsequent immigration and legal admission of one relative, in total, through 2019. Most sponsored...
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作者：Bandiera, Oriana; Bassi, Vittorio; Burgess, Robin; Rasul, Imran; Sulaiman, Munshi; Vitali, Anna
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Southern California; University of London; University College London; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University; New York University
摘要：There are 420 million young people in Africa today, and only one in three has a regular salaried job. We study how two common labor market interventions-vocational training and matching-affect the job search behavior of young workers. We do so by means of a field experiment tracking young job seekers for 6 years in Uganda's main cities. Vocational training amplifies the job seekers' initial optimism, leading them to search more intensively and toward high-quality firms. Adding matching has the...
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作者：Machado, Cecilia; Reyes, German; Riehl, Evan
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Middlebury College; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Cornell University
摘要：We examine the effects of an affirmative action policy at an elite Brazilian university that reserved 45% of admission slots for Black and low-income students. We find that marginally admitted students who enrolled through the affirmative action tracks experienced a 14% increase in early-career earnings. But the adoption of affirmative action also caused a large decrease in earnings for the university's most highly ranked students. We present evidence that the negative spillover effects on hig...
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作者：Borges, Bruna; Estevan, Fernanda; Morin, Louis-Philippe
作者单位：University of Ottawa
摘要：We analyze how higher-reward tasks affect the gender performance gap using data from a selective Brazilian university's admission exam. Our data allow us to flexibly control for applicants' major-choice self-selection issues and to track applicants' labor market outcomes years later. We find that women's performance decreases relative to men's in higher-reward subjects because of differing exam strategies. Looking at future labor market outcomes, we find that performing well on higher-reward s...
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作者：Marchingiglio, Riccardo; Poyker, Michael
作者单位：Analysis Group Inc.; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using full count US census data, we study the impact of early twentieth-century state-industry-specific minimum wage laws that primarily targeted female employees. Our triple-difference estimates suggest a null impact of the minimum wage laws, potentially reflecting disemployment effects and the positive selection bias of the workers remaining in the labor force. When comparing county-industry trends between counties straddling state borders, female employment is lower by around 3.1% in affect...
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作者：Murphy, Francis X.; Turner, Sarah
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy; University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Weak local labor market conditions may change the trajectories of young adults who expected to find work. Well-documented responses include increasing educational investments, moving to more prosperous labor markets, or reducing labor force attachment. Military enlistment is a channel of potential adjustment that has received less study. Using data on Army recruits, we demonstrate a significant local response in enlistment to mass layoffs, characterized by increased labor supply to the militar...
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作者：Barrow, Lisa; Morris, Wesley T.; Sartain, Lauren
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作者：Boehm, Michael J.; Esmkhani, Khalil; Gallipoli, Giovanni
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia
摘要：We quantify firm heterogeneity in skill returns and present direct evidence of worker-firm complementarities. Within a model of firms' demand for cognitive and noncognitive attributes, we show that identification depends on the availability of skill measures. Linking administrative data to test scores, we document worker sorting and convex earnings-skill relationships. We find that (1) both skills' returns vary substantially across employers and correlate weakly within firms; (2) workers with ...
