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作者：Barsbai, Toman; Steinmayr, Andreas; Winter, Christoph
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Innsbruck
摘要：We analyze the impact of economic conditions at arrival on the economic integration of family-sponsored migrants in the United States. A 1 percentage point higher unemployment rate at arrival decreases annual wage income by 4% in the short run and 2% in the longer run. The loss in wage income results primarily from lower hourly wages due to occupational downgrading. Migrant and family networks help mitigate the negative labor market effects. Migrants who arrive during a recession take up occup...
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作者：Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Johnson, Matthew S.; Tadjfar, Nagisa
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The long-term decline in US workers' attempts to organize labor unions accelerated after 2000. We find that the swift rise of imports from China arising from a change in trade policy accounts for nearly all of this post-2000 acceleration: union certification elections decreased substantially among workers in manufacturing industries directly exposed to imports, but also among workers indirectly exposed through their local labor market. Consistent with a simple model of workers' decision to see...
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作者：Solis, Alex
作者单位：Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion
摘要：This study examines the long-term effects of student loans and grants in Chile through a regression discontinuity design. It finds that university loans significantly boost degree completion, especially among women and low-income students, with marginal positive effects on employment and earnings for women. Vocational loans benefit only those ineligible for university loans. Conversely, grants, alongside loans, do not affect education or labor market outcomes. The limited impact of the tuition...
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作者：De Groote, Olivier
作者单位：Communaute d'universites et etablissements de Toulouse (Comue); Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：I investigate high school tracking policies using a dynamic discrete choice model of study programs and unobserved effort. I estimate the model using data from Flanders (Belgium) and perform an ex ante evaluation of a policy that encourages underperforming students to switch to less academically oriented programs. This reduces grade retention by a third and dropout by 11%. Although it decreases college enrollment, the decrease in college graduation is small and insignificant. I also show that ...
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作者：Andresen, Martin Eckhoff; Lokken, Sturla A.
作者单位：University of Oslo; Statistics Norway
摘要：We exploit a randomized high-stakes exam in Norwegian high schools to evaluate consequences of exam fail for an academically marginal and policy-relevant group of students. Failing the exam more than doubles the dropout rate. By age 30, we find evidence for lower educational attainment but no significant effects on labor market earnings. This may be explained by flexible pathways in the educational system: failing students are more likely to switch to vocational training and be self-employed i...
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作者：Borra, Cristina; Gonzalez, Libertad; Costa-Ramon, Ana; Sevilla, Almudena
作者单位：University of Sevilla; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; University of Zurich; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We investigate the causal impact of a generous unconditional cash transfer at birth on children's health and academic performance. Using rich administrative data, we take advantage of the unexpected introduction of a baby bonus in Spain in 2007 and implement a difference-in-discontinuity approach comparing children born in the surrounding months in different years. We find little impact on children's health and test scores. We also fail to find meaningful changes in household structure, matern...
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作者：Barrios-Fernandez, Andres; Garcia-Hombrados, Jorge
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Autonomous University of Madrid; Max Planck Society
摘要：This paper uses administrative data from Chile to provide causal evidence that the local institutions of the neighborhood in which inmates live after prison impact recidivism. Indeed, the opening of an evangelical church nearby reduces 12-month reincarceration rates among property crime offenders by 11 percentage points (18%). Similarly, the opening of nongovernmental organizations helping their beneficiaries to improve their earnings potential or overcome alcohol and drug abuse problems reduc...
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作者：Cragun, Randy
摘要：This article uses state-specific timing of legal changes and data from the Current Population Survey and National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women to estimate effects of confidential access to the pill in late adolescence on earnings, labor force participation, and human capital accumulation over the life cycle, finding no evidence of effects. These results are contrary to past research, which imposed a restriction on the regression model that this article shows explains the past results.
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作者：Ost, Ben; Pan, Weixiang; Webber, Douglas
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We provide the first evidence that the employers of network contacts from college can influence job search success. In contrast to the peer effects literature that emphasizes peer characteristics, we examine how the hiring rate of in-network firms affects reemployment probabilities. To avoid endogeneity from voluntary transitions, we focus on individuals who experience mass layoffs. Using administrative data and a cross-cohort design, we find that network connections with actively hiring emplo...
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作者：Hara, Hiromi; Rodriguez-Planas, Nuria
作者单位：Meiji University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY); University of Barcelona
摘要：This paper explores whether a 1990 reform that eliminated gender-segregated and gender normative industrial arts and home economics classes in Japanese junior high schools led to behavioral changes two decades later, when students were married and in their early 40s. Using a regression discontinuity design and Japanese time use data from 2016, we find that the reform narrowed gender gaps in weekend home production and job-related activities by increasing (decreasing) men's engagement in tradit...
