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作者：Colas, Mark; McDonough, Robert
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：US social transfer programs vary substantially across states, incentivizing households to locate in states with more generous transfer programs. Furthermore, transfer formulas often decrease in income, thereby rewarding low-income households for living in low-paying cities. We quantify these distortions by combining a spatial equilibrium model with a detailed model of transfer programs in the United States. The current system leads to locational inefficiency of 4.88% of total transfer spending...
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作者：Valder, Franziska
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：I investigate the link between access to the contraceptive pill, mental health, education, and labor market outcomes. Liberalizing education and labor market effects of access to the pill via its fertility control function are well established. More recently, however, a medical literature suggests a link between hormonal contraception and depression. Exploiting variation in access to the pill, I document substantial mental health effects of the pill. These mental health effects are driven by i...
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作者：Bjorkegren, Evelina; Lindahl, Mikael; Palme, Marten; Simeonova, Emilia
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Gothenburg; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：We use data from a sample of adoptees born in Sweden to study to what extent the association between parental educational attainments and adult health of the child can be attributed to pre- or postbirth factors. We find significant and similarly sized associations between the educational attainment of both adoptive and biological parents and children's adult health outcomes. This suggests that growing up in a more educated household has long-term effects on health. However, the magnitude of th...
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作者：Manski, Charles F.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Incomplete observability of data generates an identification problem. What one can learn about a population parameter depends on the assumptions one finds credible. Rubin has promoted random multiple imputation (RMI) as a general way to deal with missing values. The recommendation has been influential to researchers who seek a simple fix to the nuisance of missing data. This paper provides a transparent assessment of the mix of Bayesian and frequentist thinking used by Rubin to argue for RMI. ...
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作者：Wiltshire, Justin C.; McPherson, Carl; Reich, Michael; Sosinskiy, Denis
作者单位：University of Victoria; Wellesley College; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We present the first causal analysis of a 7-year run-up of minimum wages to $15. Using a novel stacked county-level synthetic control estimator and data on fast-food restaurants, we find substantial pay growth and no disemployment. Our results hold among lower-wage counties and counties without local minimum wages. Minimum wage increases reduce separation rates and raise wages faster than prices at McDonald's stores; both findings imply a monopsonistic labor market with declining rents. In the...
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作者：Cnossen, Femke; Piracha, Matloob; Tchuente, Guy
作者单位：University of Groningen; University of Kent; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Using text data from curricula of the entire Dutch vocational education system, we extract verbs and nouns to measure basic cognitive and cross-functional skills, such as social, technical, and resource management skills. This method allows us to uncover, at a fine-grained level, the skills middle-educated students learn at school. We then estimate the returns to these skills. Results show that resource management and social skills have the highest return. Importantly, the returns to skills ar...
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作者：Frimmel, Wolfgang; Halla, Martin; Paetzold, Joerg; Schmieder, Julia
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; Salzburg University; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：We estimate the impact of parental health on adult children's labor market outcomes. We focus on health shocks that increase care dependency abruptly. Our estimation strategy exploits the variation in the timing of shocks across treated families. Empirical results based on administrative data show a significant negative impact on the labor market activities of children. This effect is more pronounced for daughters and for children who live close to their parents. Informal caregiving is the mos...
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作者：Cheung, Maria; Egebark, Johan; Forslund, Anders; Laun, Lisa; Rodin, Magnus; Vikstrom, Johan
作者单位：Malmo University; Malmo University; Uppsala University
摘要：Using a two-level randomized experiment, we find that job search assistance (JSA) reduces unemployment among the treated but also creates displacement effects. Analyses of mechanisms show that vacancy referrals from caseworkers to job seekers explain the positive effects for the treated by helping the job seekers apply to the most relevant jobs earlier. We also find that the overall assessment of JSA hinges on how the displacement effects hit the labor market and to what extent firms react by ...
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作者：van de Kraats, Coen; Galama, Titus; Lindeboom, Maarten; Deng, Zichen
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Monash University; Monash University; University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We provide evidence that the social norm (expectation) that adults work has a substantial detrimental causal effect on the mental well-being of unemployed men in midlife, as substantial as, for example, the detriment of being widowed. As their peers in age retire and the social norm weakens, the mental well-being of the unemployed improves. Using data on individuals aged 50 and over from 10 European countries, we identify the social norm of work effect using exogenous variation in the earliest...
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作者：Waldman, Michael; Yin, Zhenda
作者单位：Cornell University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Peking University
摘要：We consider how adverse selection affects the efficiency of turnover and postturnover job assignments. In the model, when a high-ability worker is not promoted at the worker's current employer because of a lack of available managerial openings, it is efficient for the worker to move to a firm seeking a high-ability worker to promote. But this type of turnover does not occur given asymmetric information and adverse selection. We show that up-or-out contracts can be an efficient response to this...
