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作者：de Janvry, A.; Dequiedt, V.; Sadoulet, E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
摘要：In recent years, index-based insurance has been offered to smallholder farmers in the developing world to protect against common shocks such as weather shocks. Despite their attractive properties, these products have met with low demand. We consider the frequent situation where farmers are members of groups with common interests. We show that this creates strategic interactions among group members in deciding to insure that reduce the demand for insurance for two reasons. One is free riding du...
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作者：de Laat, Joost
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：One of the main elements separating different models of intrahousehold allocations is the household information set. This paper tests for the endogeneity of the household information set in a context where household members cannot observe each other easily: spousal information in the context of split urban migration in Kenya. Based on unique data, it finds that split migrant couples in the Nairobi slums invest considerable resources into information acquisition substituting visits, monitoring ...
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作者：de Mel, Suresh; McKenzie, David; Woodruff, Christopher
作者单位：University of Peradeniya; The World Bank; University of Warwick
摘要：We conduct a randomized experiment among women in urban Sri Lanka to measure the impact of the most commonly used business training course in developing countries, the Start-and-Improve Your Business (SIYB) program. We study two groups of women: a random sample operating subsistence enterprises and a random sample out of the labor force but interested in starting a business. We track impacts of two treatments - training only and training plus a cash grant - over two years. For women in busines...
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作者：Wilson, Nicholas L.; Xiong, Wentao; Mattson, Christine L.
作者单位：Reed College - Portland; Harvard University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Risk compensation has been called the Achilles' heel of HIV prevention policies (Cassell et al., 2006). This paper examines the behavioral response to male circumcision, a major HIV prevention policy currently being implemented throughout much of Sub-Saharan Africa. Contrary to the presumption of risk compensation, we find that the response due to the perceived reduction in HIV transmission appears to have been a reduction in risky sexual behavior. We suggest a mechanism for this finding: circ...
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作者：Bown, Chad P.; Crowley, Meredith A.
作者单位：The World Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Cambridge; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of aggregate fluctuations on the time-varying trade policies of thirteen major emerging economies over 1989-2010; by 2010, these WTO member countries collectively accounted for 21% of world merchandise imports and 22% of world GDP. We examine determinants of carefully constructed, bilateral measures of new import restrictions on products arising through the temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties. We find evid...
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作者：Brueckner, Markus; Gradstein, Mark
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We revisit the debate of whether government spending is procyclical in developing countries. Our main contribution is to argue that beyond exogeneity of the income shock, an empirical analysis of government spending cyclicality must be carefully tailored to the shock's persistence. We first illustrate this point in a simple intertemporal model. We then use instrumental variables estimation to characterize the response of government expenditures to exogenous shocks with different degrees of per...
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作者：Mu, Ren; Zhang, Xiaobo
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Bush School of Government & Public Service; Peking University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Do elected leaders in an authoritarian regime have any real power? Does grassroots democracy in a one-party state entail parochial problems? Making use of primary survey data covering two election cycles in a mountainous area of China, where an administrative village consists of several natural villages (NVs), we find that elected village heads favor their home NVs in resource allocations, especially when these NVs have a large population. In contrast, the home NVs of appointed Communist Party...
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作者：Araujo, Bruno Cesar; Paz, Lourenco S.
作者单位：Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (IPEA); Universidade de Sao Paulo; Syracuse University
摘要：The impact of international trade on wages has received substantial attention in recent decades; but only recently the specific effects of exporting on wage inequality have been investigated in detail. This paper employs the unexpected 1999 Brazilian exchange rate devaluation to identify the effects of exporting on Brazilian manufacturing firm-level wages using employer-employee linked data. We find that this export shock increased the average wage gap between the high and low productivity fir...
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作者：Sekhri, Sheetal; Storeygard, Adam
作者单位：University of Virginia; Tufts University
摘要：We examine the effect of rainfall shocks on dowry deaths using data from 583 Indian districts for 2002-2007. We find that a one standard deviation decline in annual rainfall from the local mean increases reported dowry deaths by 7.8%. Wet shocks have no apparent effect. We examine patterns of other crimes to investigate whether an increase in general unrest during economic downturns explains the results but do not find supportive evidence. Women's political representation in the national parli...
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作者：Cook, C. Justin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：This paper explores the role of two foods, potatoes and milk, in explaining the increase in economic development experienced throughout the Old World in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nunn and Qian (2011) show the introduction of the potato from the New World has a significant explanatory role for within country population and urbanization growth over this period. I expand on this by considering the role of milk consumption, which is hypothesized to be a complement in diet to potatoes due to a d...
