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作者：Kazianga, Harounan; Masters, William A.; McMillan, Margaret S.
作者单位：Tufts University; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper addresses the role of tropical disease in rural demography and land use rights, using data from Onchocerciasis (river blindness) control in Burkina Faso. We combine a new survey of village elders with historical census data for 1975-2006 and geocoded maps of treatment under the regional Onchocerciasis Control Program (OCP). The OCP ran from 1975 to 2002, first spraying rivers to stop transmission and then distributing medicine to help those already infected. Controlling for time and...
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作者：Lei, Yu-Hsiang; Michaels, Guy
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We use new data to examine the effects of giant oilfield discoveries around the world since 1946. On average, these discoveries increase per capita oil production and oil exports by up to 50%. But these giant oilfield discoveries also have a dark side: they increase the incidence of internal armed conflict by about 5-8 percentage points.This increased incidence of conflict due to giant oilfield discoveries is especially high for countries that had already experienced armed conflicts or coups i...
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作者：Luoto, Jill; Levine, David; Albert, Jeff; Luby, Stephen
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Rand Health; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Stanford University
摘要：Consistent adoption of preventive health behaviors could save many lives, but we do not understand how to create consistent adoption. For example, low-cost point-of-use (POU) water treatment technologies such as chlorine and filters can substantially reduce diarrheal disease, a leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Nonetheless, these products are not consistently used anywhere in the developing world, even when available and heavily subsidized. We ran complementary randomized field studi...
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作者：Calderon, Cesar; Rodrigo Fuentes, J.
作者单位：The World Bank; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：We document the properties of business cycles of 71 countries (23 industrial countries and 48 emerging market economies, or EMEs), from 1970q1 to 2012q4 using the Harding and Pagan dating algorithm. First, recessions are deeper, steeper and costlier among EMEs (especially in East Asia and Latin America). Second, recoveries are swifter and stronger among EMEs, partly due to stronger rebound effects. Third, recessions became less costly during the globalization period (1985-2007) for industrial ...
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作者：Chung, Kim-Sau; Lu, Chia-Hui
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Chinese University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：There are two opposite views regarding whether stronger protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) will benefit or hurt the South. We provide a unification using a model of directed innovations with identical but non-homothetic preferences. For the South, a major benefit of protecting IPRs is incentivizing innovations that better address its needs (the directed-innovation benefit), and a major cost is yielding monopoly rents to innovators (the monopoly-rent cost). When preferences are n...
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作者：Ahsan, Reshad N.; Mitra, Devashish
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Syracuse University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We examine the impact of trade reforms initiated in 1991 on labor's share in revenue among a sample of Indian firms. Theoretically, trade reforms will affect this share by reducing firm-level price-cost markups as well as the bargaining power of workers. A simple model suggests that these changes can have ambiguous effects on firm-level labor share and that the net effect of trade reforms will depend on the labor intensity of production. Using firm-level data from India, our empirical results ...
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作者：Lessmann, Christian
作者单位：Technische Universitat Dresden; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper studies the hypothesis of an inverted-U-shaped relationship between spatial inequality and economic development The theory of Kuznets (1955) and Williamson (1965) suggests that (spatial) inequality first increases in the process of development, and then decreases. To test this hypothesis I have used a unique panel data set of spatial inequalities in 56 countries at different stages of economic development, covering the period 1980-2009. Parametric and semiparametric regressions are ...
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作者：Mishra, Prachi; Montiel, Peter; Pedroni, Peter; Spilimbergo, Antonio
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Williams College; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper studies the transmission of monetary shocks to lending rates in a large sample of advanced, emerging, and low-income countries. Transmission is measured by the impulse response of bank lending rates to monetary policy shocks. Long-run restrictions are used to identify such shocks. Using a heterogeneous structural panel VAR approach, we find that there is wide variation in the response of bank lending rates to a monetary policy innovation across countries. Monetary policy shocks are ...
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作者：Head, Keith; Jing, Ran; Swenson, Deborah L.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of International Business & Economics; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Four of the world's five largest retailers-Walmart, Carrefour, Tesco, and Metro entered China after 1995, following new policies that allowed foreign retailers to participate more fully in the Chinese retail market. As each retailer added both stores and global procurement centers, they created unique footprints that caused Chinese cities to be differentially exposed to the activities of these global retailers. We exploit these differences to identify the effect of multinational retailer prese...
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作者：Doi, Yoko; McKenzie, David; Zia, Bilal
作者单位：The World Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：There has long been a concern among policymakers that too much of remittances are consumed and too little saved, limiting the development impact of migration. Financial literacy programs have become an increasingly popular way to try and address this issue, but to date there is no evidence that they are effective in inducing savings among remittance-receiving households, nor is it clear whether such programs are best targeted at the migrant, the remittance receiver, or both. We conducted a ran...
