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作者：Lu, Fangwen
作者单位：Renmin University of China
摘要：This study examines doctors' prescribing decisions using controlled hospital visits with randomized patient insurance and doctor incentive status. The results suggest that, when they expect to obtain a proportion of patients' drug expenditures, doctors write 43% more expensive prescriptions to insured patients than to uninsured patients. These differences are largely explained by an agency hypothesis that doctors act out of self-interest by prescribing unnecessary or excessively expensive drug...
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作者：Markussen, Thomas; Tarp, Finn
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper uses household panel data from rural Vietnam to explore the effects of having a relative in a position of political or bureaucratic power. Our results suggest that households increase their investment in land improvements due to such ties. Likely explanations are that connections to office holders strengthen de facto land property rights and access to both credit and transfers. Results also indicate that officials prefer to use informal rather than formal channels of redistribution ...
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作者：Lindner, Ines; Strulik, Holger
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Gottingen
摘要：This paper introduces the Small World model into the theory of economic growth and investigates how increasing economic integration affects firm size and efficiency, norm enforcement, and aggregate economic performance. When economic integration is low and local connectivity is high, informal norms control entrepreneurial behavior and more integration mainly improves search for investment opportunities. At a higher level of economic integration neighborhood enforcement deteriorates and formal ...
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作者：Kaarsen, Nicolai
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper constructs a cross-country measure of the quality of education using a novel approach based on international test scores data. The first main finding is that there are large differences in education quality - one year of schooling in the U.S. is equivalent to three or more years of schooling in a number of low-income countries. I incorporate the estimated series for schooling quality in an accounting framework calibrated using evidence on Mincerian returns. This leads to the second ...
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作者：de Brauw, Alan; Eozenou, Patrick
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); The World Bank
摘要：Although farmers in developing countries are generally thought to be risk averse, little is known about the actual form of their risk preferences. In this paper, we use a relatively large lab-in-the-field experiment to explore risk preferences related to sweet potato production among a sample of farmers in northern Mozambique. A unique feature of this experiment is that it includes a large subsample of husband and wife pairs. After exploring correlations between husband and wife preferences, w...
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作者：Lambert, Sylvie; Ravallion, Martin; van de Walle, Dominique
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; INRAE; Georgetown University; The World Bank
摘要：How much economic mobility is there across generations in a poor, primarily rural, economy? How much do intergenerational linkages contribute to current inequality? We address these questions using original survey data on Senegal that include a sub-household measure of consumption for cells within the household. While intergenerational linkages are evident, we find a relatively high degree of mobility across generations, associated with the shift from farm to non-farm sectors and greater econo...
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作者：Hansen, Casper Worm
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：Exploiting cross-state variation in infectious causes of death, along with time variation arising from medical innovations toward the middle of the twentieth century, this study examines the consequences of a positive health shock in the US. It establishes that states with higher levels of mortality from infectious causes prior to the onset of the era of big medicine experienced greater increases in life expectancy, population, and total GDP after its onset, whereas per capita GDP remained lar...
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作者：Santra, Sattwik
摘要：This paper explores the impact of trade on the relative returns to skill in the presence of non-homothetic preferences. In a general equilibrium model of trade in differentiated products, it is shown that, if consumers react to a rise in real income by increasing their demands of the relatively skill intensive commodity/ies, then real income gains associated with trade, increase the skilled-unskilled wage ratio. This result generalizes to trade driven by comparative advantages and to technolog...
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作者：Lagerloef, Nils-Petter
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：The effects of political fragmentation on long-run development seem to have changed over the course of human history. Technological leaders used to be empires, but the Industrial Revolution started in the fragmented Europe. This paper sets up a model to help us think about this puzzle. There are two sets of mechanisms at play: a standard scale effect, which benefits unified regions, since technology is a non-rivalrous good: and several competition effects, both negative (like wasteful armies) ...
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作者：Joanis, Marcelin
作者单位：University of Sherbrooke; Universite de Montreal
摘要：Recent decentralization reforms in developing countries have often lead to the coexistence of multiple tiers of government in given policy areas, triggering new accountability issues. This paper provides a novel theoretical treatment of the efficiency consequences of such 'partial expenditure decentralization.' It develops a political agency model in which two levels of government are involved in the provision of a local public good, with voters imperfectly informed about each government's con...
