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作者：Jouini, Nizar; Rebei, Nooman
作者单位：African Development Bank Group (AfDB); International Monetary Fund
摘要：We propose an integrated method based on a two-sector small open economy dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium model to estimate non-tariff barriers and quantify the impact of services liberalization. The major component of trade barriers is explicitly modeled through the introduction of entry-sunk costs. Hence, liberalization is treated assuming a government's policy decision aimed at reducing those costs. Then, we estimate the model using Bayesian techniques for Tunisia and the Euro Are...
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作者：Vollrath, Dietrich
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：For a set of 14 developing countries I evaluate whether differences in wage gaps between sectors - estimated from individual-level wage data - have meaningful effects on aggregate productivity. Under the most generous assumptions regarding the homogeneity of human capital, my analysis shows that eliminating wedges between wages in different sectors leads to gains in output of less than 5% for most countries. These estimated gains of reallocation represent an upper bound as some of the observed...
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作者：Permanyer, Inaki
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; Centre d'Estudis Demografics (CED)
摘要：In the context of multidimensional poverty measurement, it seems plausible to assume that when individuals are deprived in some dimensions and non-deprived in the remaining ones, the latter can be allowed to play a non-trivial role in the assessment of those individuals' poverty levels. Yet, this simple and attractive property is violated by virtually all multidimensional poverty indices proposed in the literature so far because they stick to the so-called 'Strong Focus' axiom. This paper char...
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作者：Basu, Karna
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY)
摘要：I study the provision of commitment savings by informal banks to sophisticated hyperbolic discounters. Since a consumer is subject to temptation in the period that he signs a contract, banks might exploit his desire for instant gratification even as they help him to commit for the future. Without banking, savings decisions and welfare are not monotonic in the degree of time-inconsistency. Consequently, commitment savings will lower welfare for moderately time-inconsistent agents. If loan contr...
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作者：Kosec, Katrina
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：What drives governments with similar revenues to provide very different amounts of goods with private sector substitutes? Education is a prime example. I use exogenous shocks to Brazilian municipalities' revenue during 1995-2008 generated by non-linearities in federal transfer laws to demonstrate two things. First, municipalities with higher income inequality or higher median income allocate less of a revenue shock to education and are less likely to expand public school enrollment. They are m...
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作者：Ardington, Cally; Baernighausen, Till; Case, Anne; Menendez, Alicia
作者单位：University of Cape Town; University of Kwazulu Natal; Princeton University; University of Chicago
摘要：We quantify the impact of adult deaths on household economic wellbeing, using a large longitudinal dataset spanning more than a decade. Verbal autopsies allow us to distinguish AIDS mortality from that due to other causes. The timing of the lower socioeconomic status observed for households with AIDS deaths suggests that the socioeconomic gradient in AIDS mortality is being driven primarily by poor households being at higher risk for AIDS, rather than AIDS impoverishing the households. Followi...
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作者：Berkowitz, Daniel; Hoekstra, Mark; Schoors, Koen
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; Ghent University
摘要：This paper examines whether privatizing state-owned banks improves finance and economic growth. To do so, we exploit regional banking variations in Russia induced by the idiosyncratic creation of specialized banks in the last years of the Soviet Union (1988-91) that were subsequently privatized. Starting in 1999 private banks including surviving spetsbanks emerged as an important source of external finance for private firms and households. We document that the regional concentration of spetsba...
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作者：Ghatak, Maitreesh; Karaivanov, Alexander
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Simon Fraser University
摘要：We analyze optimal contractual forms and equilibrium matching in a double-sided moral hazard model of sharecropping similar to Eswaran and Kotwal (1985). We show that, with endogenous matching, the presence of moral hazard can reverse the matching pattern relative to the first best, and that even if sharecropping is optimal for an exogenously given pair of agent types, it may not be observed in equilibrium with endogenous matching. The economy with endogenous matching features less sharecroppi...
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作者：Udry, Christopher
作者单位：Yale University
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作者：Bijwaard, Govert E.; Wahba, Jackline
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Southampton
摘要：We estimate the impact of the income earned in the host country on return migration of labor migrants from developing countries. We use a three-state correlated competing risks model to account for the strong dependence of labor market status and the income earned. Our analysis is based on administrative panel data of recent labor immigrants from developing countries to The Netherlands. The empirical results show that intensities of return migration are U-shaped with respect to migrants' incom...
