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作者：Godlonton, Susan; Okeke, Edward N.
作者单位：Williams College; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); RAND Corporation; Rand Health
摘要：Informal health providers ranging from drug vendors to traditional healers account for a large fraction of health care provision in developing countries. They are, however, largely unlicensed and unregulated leading to concern that they provide ineffective and, in some cases, even harmful care. A new and controversial policy tool that has been proposed to alter household health seeking behavior is an outright ban on these informal providers. The theoretical effects of such a ban are ambiguous....
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作者：Cosar, A. Kerem; Demir, Banu
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：Drawing on the large-scale public investment in roads undertaken in Turkey during the 2000s, this paper contributes to our understanding of how internal transportation infrastructure affects regional access to international markets. Using data on international trade of Turkish provinces and the change in the capacity of the roads connecting them to the international gateways of the country, we estimate the distance elasticity of trade associated with roads of varying capacity. Three key result...
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作者：Groh, Matthew; McKenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Firms in many developing countries cite macroeconomic instability and political uncertainty as major constraints to their growth. We conduct a randomized experiment in post-revolution Egypt to measure the impact of insuring microenterprises against this uncertainty. Demand for macroeconomic shock insurance was high, with a take-up rate of 36.7%. However, purchasing insurance does not change the likelihood a business takes a new loan, the size of the loan, or how they invest this loan. We attri...
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作者：Zhang, Jing; Xu, Lixin Colin
作者单位：Renmin University of China; The World Bank
摘要：Since little is known about the long-run effect of treated water, we examine the educational benefit to rural youth in China from a major water treatment program started in the 1980s. By employing a data set covering two decades and encompassing more than 4700 individuals between ages 18 and 25, we find that, on average, the program increased the completed grades of education of rural youth by 1.1 years. Moreover, the effect was highly heterogeneous across gender and age of exposure. Rural gir...
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作者：Ahlin, Christian; Waters, Brian
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：We derive an optimal lending contract in a two-period adverse selection model with limited commitment on the borrower side. The contract involves penalty interest rates after default, and favorable rates after success. Under some conditions, it also charges first-time borrowers higher rates than repeat borrowers, as in relationship lending, because the lender is constrained to keep borrowing attractive while using revealed information to price for risk. We compare the efficiency of a group len...
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作者：Dumrongrittikul, Taya; Anderson, Heather M.
作者单位：University of Queensland; Monash University
摘要：This paper examines real exchange rate responses to shocks in exchange rate determinants for fourteen Asian developing countries. The analysis is based on a panel structural vector error correction model, and the shocks are identified using sign and zero restrictions. We find that trade liberalization generates permanent depreciation, and higher government consumption causes persistent appreciation. Traded-sector productivity gains induce appreciation but their effects are not immediate and la...
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作者：Crost, Benjamin; Felter, Joseph H.; Johnston, Patrick B.
作者单位：Stanford University; RAND Corporation
摘要：Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs are an increasingly popular tool for reducing poverty in conflict-affected areas. Despite their growing popularity, there is limited evidence on how CCT programs affect conflict and theoretical predictions are ambiguous. We estimate the effect of conditional cash transfers on civil conflict in the Philippines by exploiting an experiment that randomly assigned eligibility for a CCT program at the village level. We find that cash transfers caused a substa...
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作者：Santacreu-Vasut, Estefania; Teshima, Kensuke
作者单位：ESSEC Business School; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper studies the role of foreign employees as a channel for technology transfer in multinational companies (MNCs). We build a simple model of MNC choice between foreign and domestic management as a function of industry characteristics and of institutional quality. We find that foreign employees are a channel for technology transfer within high-tech MNCs. Further, the reliance of MNCs on foreign employees is U-shaped in terms of institutional quality. Our model implies that we should obse...
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作者：Bertoli, Simone; Dequiedt, Vianney; Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Stockholm University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：Destination countries can adopt selective immigration policies to improve migrants' quality. Screening potential migrants on the basis of observable characteristics also influences their self-selection on unobservables. We propose a model that analyzes the effects of selective immigration policies on migrants' quality, measured by their wages at destination. We show that the prevailing pattern of selection on unobservables influences the effect of an increase in selectivity, which can reduce m...
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作者：Labonne, Julien
作者单位：Yale NUS College
摘要：This paper establishes the existence of short-term political business cycles in the Philippines over the period 2003-2009. Examining a balanced panel of 1143 municipalities shows that employment levels increase in the two pre-electoral quarters and drop sharply in the two quarters following elections. Further results are consistent with the cycles being generated by incumbents' attempts to increase their chances of re-election. Cycles are stronger in sectors that incumbents are more able to in...
