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作者：Araujo, Juliana D.; Li, Bin Grace; Poplawski-Ribeiro, Marcos; Zanna, Luis -Felipe
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：The permanent income hypothesis implies that frictionless open economies with exhaustible natural resources should save abroad most of their resource windfalls and, therefore, feature current account surpluses. Resource rich developing countries (RRDCs), on the other hand, face substantial development needs and tight external borrowing constraints. By relaxing these constraints and providing a key financing source for public investment, resource windfalls might then be associated with current ...
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作者：Higgins, Sean; Lustig, Nora
作者单位：Tulane University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：To analyze anti-poverty policies in tandem with the taxes used to pay for them, comparisons of poverty before and after taxes and transfers are often used. We show that these comparisons, as well as measures of horizontal equity and progressivity, can fail to capture an important aspect: that a substantial proportion of the poor are made poorer (or non-poor made poor) by the tax and transfer system. We illustrate with data from seventeen developing countries: in fifteen, the fiscal system is p...
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作者：Nagavarapu, Sriniketh; Sekhri, Sheetal
作者单位：Acumen, LLC; University of Virginia
摘要：This paper shows that social networks provide informal monitoring and enforcement services that can curb leakages and improve the efficacy of public service delivery. We examine India's targeted public distribution system, under which poor households are entitled to subsidized grains and fuel. We show that Scheduled Castes (SCs) are more likely to buy grains when facing SC delivery agents, but there is no difference in the take up of fuel. We develop a theoretical framework positing that incre...
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作者：Cinnirella, Francesco; Hornung, Erik
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Bayreuth; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Max Planck Society
摘要：We study the relationship between large landownership concentration and the expansion of mass education in nineteenth-century Prussia. Cross-sectional estimates show a negative association between landownership concentration and enrollment rates. Fixed-effects panel estimates indicate that regions with an initially stronger landownership concentration exhibit increasing enrollment rates. This relationship is not driven by differences in the supply of schooling. We argue that the implementation...
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作者：Ksoll, Christopher; Lilleor, Helene Bie; Lonborg, Jonas Helth; Rasmussen, Ole Dahl
摘要：The vast majority of the world's poor live in rural areas of developing countries with little access to financial services. Setting up Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) has become an increasingly widespread intervention aimed at improving local financial intermediation. Using a cluster randomized trial we investigate the impact of VSLAs in Northern Malawi over a two year period. We find evidence of positive and significant intention-to-treat effects on several outcomes, including t...
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作者：Levine, David; Polimeni, Rachel; Ramage, Ian
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We randomize the insurance premium for the SKY micro-health insurance program in rural Cambodia, allowing us to estimate the causal effects of health insurance on economic, health care utilization, and health outcomes. SKY insurance has its greatest impact on economic outcomes. SKY also changed health-seeking behavior, increasing the use of covered public facilities and decreasing the use of uncovered private care for major illnesses. As expected, due to low statistical power, we did not find ...
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作者：Raveh, Ohad; Rshef, Ariell
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Virginia; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics
摘要：We study how the composition of capital imports affects relative demand for skill and the skill premium in a sample of developing economies. Capital imports per se do not affect the skill premium; in contrast, their composition does. While imports of R&D-intensive capital equipment raise the skill premium, imports of less innovative equipment lower it. We estimate that R&D-intensive capital is complementary to skilled workers, whereas less innovative capital equipment is complementary to unski...
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作者：Cai, Xiqian; Lu, Yi; Wu, Mingqin; Yu, Linhui
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University; National University of Singapore; South China Normal University; Zhejiang University
摘要：This paper investigates whether environmental regulation affects inbound foreign direct investment. The identification uses the Two Control Zones (TCZ) policy implemented by the Chinese government in 1998, in which tougher environmental regulations were imposed in TCZ cities but not others. Our difference in-difference-in-differences estimation explores three-dimension variations; specifically, city (i.e., TCZ versus non-TCZ cities), industry (i.e., more polluting industries relative to less p...
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作者：Chen, Ting; Kung, J. K. -S.
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：By analyzing a panel on the political turnovers of 4390 county leaders in China during 1999-2008, we find that the revenue windfalls accrued to these officials from land sales have undermined the effectiveness of the promotion system for government officials. Instead of rewarding efforts made to boost GDP growth, promotion is positively correlated with signaling efforts, and with corruption. The robust positive relationship between land revenue windfalls and political turnover, or specifically...
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作者：Maggioni, Daniela; Lo Turco, Alessia; Gallegati, Mauro
作者单位：University of Catania; Marche Polytechnic University
摘要：With this paper we provide the first micro-level evidence on the linkage between firm complexity and volatility. By defining product complexity a la Hausmann and Hidalgo (2009), we find that a higher complexity level of a firm's product basket is associated to a reduction of its output fluctuations. This evidence is robust to the control for omitted variables, sample selection, and to the use of alternative volatility and complexity indicators. Across similar firms, active in different sectors...
