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作者：Janus, Thorsten; Riera-Crichton, Daniel
摘要：Using a novel cross-country panel dataset, we show that commodity terms of trade declines cause civil war in countries with intermediate ethnic diversity. The civil war effects for highly diverse or homogenous societies are negative and insignificant. Since the size of the largest ethnic group explains 96% of the variation in the ethnic diversity measure, we conjecture that a key problem may be ethnic dominance: countries where the ethnic plurality is large, but not so large it cannot be chall...
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作者：Chuang, Yating; Schechter, Laura
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Underlying preferences are often considered to be persistent, and are important inputs into economic models. We first conduct an extensive review of the disparate literature studying the stability of preferences measured in experiments. Then, we test the stability of individuals' choices in panel data from rural Paraguay over almost a decade. Answers to social preference survey questions are quite stable. Experimental measures of risk, time, and social preferences do not exhibit much stability...
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作者：Chan, Jackie M. L.; Manova, Kalina
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：What determines the choice of countries' trade partners? We show theoretically and empirically that financial market imperfections affect the number and identity of exporters' destinations. Bigger economies with lower trade costs are more attractive markets because they offer higher export profits. This generates a pecking order of destinations such that firms serve all countries above a cut-off level of market potential. Credit constraints, however, raise this cut-off above the first best. Fi...
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作者：Han, Li; Kung, James Kai-Sing
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：This paper examines how fiscal incentives affect the policy choices of local governments in the context of China. Based on exogenous changes in the intergovernmental revenue-sharing scheme, we construct a simulated instrumental variable to resolve the endogeneity problem. We find evidence that local governments shifted their efforts from fostering industrial growth to urbanizing China, i.e., to developing the real estate and construction sectors, when their retention rate of enterprise tax rev...
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作者：Jaramillo, Fernando; Kempf, Hubert; Moizeau, Fabien
作者单位：Universidad del Rosario; Universite Paris Saclay; Paris School of Economics; Universite de Rennes; Institut Universitaire de France
摘要：We study the relationship between the distribution of individuals' attributes over the population and the extent of risk sharing in a risky environment. We consider a society where individuals voluntarily form risk-sharing groups in the absence of financial markets. We obtain a partition of society into distinct coalitions leading to partial risk sharing. When individuals differ only with respect to risk, the partition is homophily-based: the less risky agents congregate together and reject mo...
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作者：Valdivia, Martin
摘要：With millions of women around the developing world thrown into self-employment but with low productivity, increasing the profitability of their businesses is highly relevant for poverty reduction and gender equity. This study evaluates the impacts of a BDS program serving female microentrepreneurs in Lima using an experimental design, that included two treatment groups: One received only general training (GT), albeit more time-intense than previous studies, and delivered by experts, while the ...
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作者：Bauchet, Jonathan; Morduch, Jonathan; Ravi, Shamika
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; New York University; Brookings Institution
摘要：We analyze a randomized trial of an innovative anti-poverty program in South India, part of a series of pilot programs that provide ultra-poor households with inputs to create new, sustainable livelihoods (often tending livestock). In contrast with results from other pilots, we find no lasting net impact on income or asset accumulation in South India. We explore concerns with program implementation, data errors, and the existence of compelling employment alternatives. The baseline consumption ...
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作者：Kilby, Christopher
作者单位：Villanova University
摘要：This paper assesses the impact of World Bank project preparation on project outcomes via a two-step estimation procedure. Using a stochastic frontier model, I generate a measure of World Bank project preparation duration based only on variation in political economy factors that are exogenous to latent project quality. Panel analysis of project data finds that projects with longer preparation periods are significantly more likely to have satisfactory outcome ratings. This result is robust acros...
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作者：Guirkinger, Catherine; Platteau, Jean-Philippe; Goetghebuer, Tatiana
作者单位：University of Namur
摘要：In Sub-Saharan African farm households, two types of plot management often coexist: collective fields are farmed jointly by household members under the authority of the head while individual plots are autonomously managed by members. In this paper we explore the productivity differentials between collective and individual plots in the context of extended family farms. We find that land yields are significantly larger on male private plots than on common plots after all appropriate controls hav...
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作者：Fisher-Vanden, Karen; Mansur, Erin T.; (Juliana) Wang, Qiong
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
摘要：Unreliable inputs to production, particularly those that are difficult to store, can significantly limit firms' productivity, leading them to react in a number of ways. This paper uses a panel of 23,000 energy-intensive, Chinese firms from 1999 to 2004 to examine how firms responded to severe power shortages in the early 2000s. Our results suggest that, in response to electricity scarcity, Chinese firms re-optimize among inputs to production by substituting materials for energy (both electric ...
