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作者：Bellemare, Marc F.; Novak, Lindsey; Steinmetz, Tara L.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Why does female genital cutting (FGC) persist in certain places but has declined elsewhere? We study the persistence of FGC-proxied for by whether survey respondents are in favor of the practice continuing in West Africa. We use 38 repeated cross-sectional country-year data sets covering 310,613 women aged 15 to 49 in 13 West African countries for the period 1995-2013. The data exhibit sufficient within-household variation to allow controlling for the unobserved heterogeneity between household...
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作者：Firpo, Sergio; Ponczek, Vladimir; Sanfelice, Viviane
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Rochester
摘要：The objectives of this paper are twofold. First, we investigate whether politicians use resources from the federal budget to maintain and expand their political capital. Second, we examine whether such strategy is rewarded by voters. Do they vote for politicians who assist their municipalities through federal expenditures? We use data from legislative elections in Brazil, a country that does not use a single member district system to form its Chamber of Deputies. We use a regression discontinu...
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作者：Acht, Martin; Mahmoud, Toman Omar; Thiele, Rainer
作者单位：University of Bonn; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW)
摘要：A core result of the aid allocation literature is that the quality of governance in recipient countries does not affect the amounts of foreign aid received. Donor countries may still give aid to poorly-governed countries because of a dilemma they face: those countries most in need typically also lack proper institutions. This paper argues that donors try to resolve this dilemma by delivering aid through non-state actors. Using aid shares as well as absolute amounts of aid allocated through sta...
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作者：Flueckiger, Matthias; Ludwig, Markus
作者单位：University of Basel
摘要：For a panel of 109 coastal countries, we show that negative economic shocks in the fisheries sector are associated with an increase in maritime piracy. Our identification strategy uses the variation in the phytoplankton abundance off the individual countries' coasts, measured by satellite data, as a source of such shocks. We find that plankton abundance is positively related to fish catches, but negatively associated with the incidence of piracy, the onset of piracy and the absolute number of ...
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作者：Azam, Mehtabul; Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi
作者单位：Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; University of London; University College London; UCL Institute of Education
摘要：Using administrative data from linked private schools from one Indian district that matches 8319 pupils to their subject specific teachers at the senior secondary level, we estimate the importance of individual teachers for student outcomes in the high-stake senior secondary exam (at the end of twelfth-grade) controlling for prior achievement at the secondary level (at the end of tenth-grade). In addition to controlling for prior achievement, we exploit the fact that students took exams in mul...
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作者：Ge, Ying; Lai, Huiwen; Zhu, Susan Chun
作者单位：University of International Business & Economics; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Michigan State University
摘要：By exploring a rich data set that links international trade transactions to panel data of manufacturing firms from China during 2000-2006, we reveal new patterns of export prices across firms. We find that foreign firms charge about 28% higher prices than Chinese exporters after controls for firm productivity and product-destination-year fixed effects. We provide evidence that the multinational price premium is significantly correlated with the knowledge-based intangible assets within multinat...
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作者：Bah, El-hadj; Fang, Lei
作者单位：African Development Bank Group (AfDB); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：We develop a general equilibrium model to assess the quantitative effects of the business environment, including regulations, crime, corruption, infrastructure and access to finance, on output and total factor productivity (IPP) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first four dimensions are modeled as a tax on output and the finance dimension is modeled as a borrowing constraint. The model is simulated for a sample of Sub-Saharan African countries using the country-specific financial development and the...
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作者：Morelli, Massimo; Rohner, Dominic
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Lausanne
摘要：This paper highlights the importance of natural resource concentration and ethnic group regional concentration for ethnic conflict. The existence of multiple conflict terrains (and hence multiple threat points) is the source of bargaining failure, similar to the one determined by the presence of offensive advantages. The theory predicts war to be more likely when resource concentration and group concentration are high, and the empirical analysis, both at the country level and at the ethnic gro...
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作者：Bennett, Daniel; Chiang, Chun-Fang; Malani, Anup
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Taiwan University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：SARS struck Taiwan in 2003, causing a national crisis. Many people feared that SARS would spread through the health care system, and outpatient visits fell by more than 30% in the course of a few weeks. We examine how both public information and the behavior and opinions of peers contributed to this reaction. We identify a peer effect through a difference-in-difference comparison of longtime residents and recent arrivals, who are less socially connected. Although several forms of social intera...
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作者：Auriol, Emmanuelle; Schilizzi, Steven G. M.
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Western Australia
摘要：This paper studies how signaling the credence attributes of consumer goods distorts their market equilibrium in developing countries. Costs of certification, sunk in order to achieve credibility, play a key role in producing an oligopolistic market, leading to high prices that form a barrier for consumers in the South. To lower the cost, certification is better achieved by a single independent body which can be financed either by end consumers, through a fee, or by public subsidies. The paper ...
