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作者：Oliveira, Jaqueline
作者单位：Clemson University
摘要：This paper offers robust empirical evidence of a Darwinian pro-natalist mechanism: parents can improve their old age support with an additional child. Using the incidence of first-born twins as an instrument for fertility outcomes, I find that Chinese senior parents with more children receive more financial transfers and are more likely to co-reside with an adult child. They are also less likely to work past retirement age. The estimated effects are large, despite the evidence that adult child...
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作者：Brollo, Fernanda; Troiano, Ugo
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We analyze close elections between male and female mayoral candidates in Brazilian municipalities to provide novel evidence on the role of women as policymakers. Using an objective measure of corruption based on random government audits, we find that female mayors are less likely to engage in corruption compared to male mayors. We also find that female mayors hire fewer temporary public employees than male mayors during the electoral year and tend to attract less campaign contributions when ru...
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作者：Gulati, Namrata; Ray, Tridip
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi; South Asian University (SAU)
摘要：This paper investigates how neighbourhood effects interacting with income inequality affect poor people's ability to access basic facilities like health care services, schooling, and so on. We model this interaction by integrating consumers' income distribution with the spatial distribution of their location and explore the consequences of an increase in income inequality or variations in the neighbourhood characteristics on the welfare of the rich and poor in general, and their access to mark...
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作者：Chau, Nancy H.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This paper argues that while rooting out sweatshop conditions raises unemployment, the potential gains include an increase in decent work employment, a pro-worker shift in distribution, and an improvement in overall efficiency. In a search model of employment inspired by firm- and household-level evidence about the harm that sweatshop conditions pose to workers' capability to be productive at work and to be vertically mobile, this paper unpacks the irony of job losses and efficiency gains by e...
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作者：Goodspeed, Tyler Beck
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：The Great Famine of Ireland from 1845 to 51 ranks as one of the most lethal of all time, claiming approximately one eighth of the country's population. Utilizing Famine Relief Commission reports to develop a micro-level dataset of blight severity, I find that in the short run, districts more severely infected by blight experienced larger population declines and accumulations of buffer livestock by small-to medium-sized farms. In the medium and long runs, however, worse affected districts exper...
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作者：Morey, Mitchell
作者单位：American Institutes for Research
摘要：Why is there less observed trade than is predicted by neoclassical trade models? A home bias in consumption due to preferences can partially explain this. Using data from a randomly assigned auction mechanism and survey conducted in Madagascar, respondents' willingness to pay for rice of varying quality and origin is investigated. By imposing a novel structure on traditional valuation collection methods, one finds that consumers will pay approximately 8% more for home-grown rice. The key resul...
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作者：Agener, Pierre-Richard
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Manchester
摘要：This paper analyzes how low-income countries should optimally respond, through fiscal policy, to commodity price shocks. The model accounts for imperfect access to world capital markets and a variety of externalities associated with public infrastructure, including utility benefits, a direct complementarity effect with private investment, and reduced distribution costs. However, public capital is also subject to congestion and absorption constraints, with the latter affecting the efficiency of...
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作者：de Quidt, Jonathan; Fetzer, Thiemo; Ghatak, Maitreesh
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper contrasts individual liability lending with and without groups to joint liability lending. We are motivated by an apparent shift away from the use of joint liability by microfinance institutions, combined with recent evidence that a) converting joint liability groups to individual-liability groups did not affect repayment rates, and b) an intervention that increased social capital in individual liability borrowing groups led to improved repayment performance. First, we show that ind...
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作者：Lagerlof, Nils-Petter
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：This paper studies coercive labor institutions in a Malthusian framework, where class is hereditary: children born by free workers are free, while children of slaves are the property of their parents' masters. When productivity increases in an urban and slave-free sector, and more free workers migrate there, slave owners respond by feeding slaves better to increase their reproduction, and thus replace migrating free workers with the slaves' offspring. As as result, slaves are made better off i...
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作者：Besley, Timothy; Leight, Jessica; Pande, Rohini; Rao, Vijayendra
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Williams College; Harvard University; The World Bank
摘要：Agricultural tenancy reforms have been widely enacted, but evidence on their long-run impact remains limited. In this paper, we provide such evidence by exploiting the quasi-random assignment of linguistically similar areas to different South Indian states that subsequently varied in tenancy regulation policies. Given imperfect credit markets, the impact of tenancy reform should vary by household wealth status, allowing us to exploit historic caste-based variation in landownership. Thirty year...
