American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

最新文章

• The Impact of Cash Transfers to Poor Mothers on Family Structure and Maternal Well-Being AI翻译
  作者：Aizer, Anna; Cho, Sungwoo; Eli, Shari; Lleras-muney, Adriana
  作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Toronto
  摘要：We use newly collected data for 16,000 women who applied for Mothers' Pensions , America's first welfare program , to investigate the effect of means -tested cash transfers on lifetime family structure and maternal well-being. In the short term , cash transfers delayed marriage and lowered geographic mobility. In the long run , transfers had no impact on the probability of remarriage , spouse quality , or fertility. Cash transfers did not affect women's well-being , measured by longevity and f...
• Improving Women's Mental Health during a Pandemict AI翻译
  作者：Vlassopoulos, Michael; Siddique, Abu; Rahman, Tabassum; Pakrashi, Debayan; Islam, Asad; Ahmed, Firoz
  作者单位：University of Southampton; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Melbourne; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Kanpur; Monash University; Technical University of Munich; Khulna University
  摘要：This paper evaluates a randomized, over-the-phone counseling intervention aimed at mitigating the mental health impact of COVID - 19 on a sample of 2,402 women across 357 villages in Bangladesh. We find that the provision of two hours of mental support plus information on COVID-19 improves mental health ten months postintervention , leading to reductions of 20 percent in the prevalence of moderate and severe stress and 33 percent in depression. Our results suggest that this type of low-cost in...
• Fighting for Tyranny: State Repression and Combat Motivation AI翻译
  作者：Rozenas, Arturas; Talibova, Roya; Zhukov, Yuri M.
  作者单位：New York University; Harvard University; Georgetown University
  摘要：We utilize over 100 million declassified Red Army personnel records from World War II to study how state repression shapes soldiers' motivation to exert effort in fighting. Exploiting multiple complementary identification strategies , we find that soldiers from places with higher levels of prewar repression under Stalin's rule were more likely to fight until death and less likely to shirk their duties , but they also received fewer decorations for personal bravery. The coercive incentives crea...
• Does Promoting One Healthy Behavior Detract from Others? Evidence from a Field Experiment AI翻译
  作者：Trachtman, Hannah
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：Impact evaluations of behavioral interventions typically focus on target outcomes. Might interventions induce negative spillovers on other behaviors? I run a large field experiment in which individuals receive combinations of messages and incentives promoting two healthy behaviors , meditation and meal logging. I find that the interventions reduce completion rates of the opposite behavior by 19 - 29 percent. I find that interventions with larger target effects do not necessarily generate large...
• Gender Attitudes in the Judiciary: Evidence from US Circuit Courts AI翻译
  作者：Ash, Elliott; Chen, Daniel l.; Ornaghi, Arianna
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Hertie School
  摘要：Do gender attitudes influence interactions with female judges in US circuit courts? In this paper, we propose a judge-specific measure of gender attitudes based on use of gender-stereotyped language in the judge's authored opinions. Exploiting quasi-random assignment of judges to cases and conditioning on judges' characteristics, we validate the measure showing that higher-slant judges vote more conservatively in gender-related cases. Higher-slant judges interact differently with female collea...
• The Virus of Fear: The Political Impact of Ebola in the United States AI翻译
  作者：Campante, Filipe; Depetris-chauvin, Emilio; Durante, Ruben
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; National University of Singapore; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
  摘要：We study how public anxiety over the threat of a disease outbreak can affect voter behavior by looking at the Ebola scare that hit the United States in 2014. Exploiting timing and locations of the four cases diagnosed in the country, we show that heightened concern about Ebola led to a lower Democratic vote share and lower turnout, despite no evidence of a general anti-incumbent effect (including President Obama). Voters displayed increasingly conservative attitudes on immigration, but not on ...
• Affirmative Action and Precollege Human Capital AI翻译
  作者：Akhtari, Mitra; Bau, Natalie; Laliberte, Jean-William
  作者单位：Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Calgary
  摘要：Though racial affirmative action (AA) policies are widespread in college admissions, evidence on their effects before college is limited. We study a US Supreme Court ruling that reinstated AA in three states. Using nationwide SAT data, we separately identify positive effects of AA for Whites and underrepresented minorities. Using Texas administrative data, we find that AA narrowed racial gaps in grades, attendance, and college applications. Improvements in minorities' precollege human capital ...
• Independent Media, Propaganda, and Religiosity: Evidence from Poland AI翻译
  作者：Grosfeld, Irena; Madinier, Etienne; Sakalli, Seyhun Orcan; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
  作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of London; King's College London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
  摘要：Exploring a drastic change in media landscape in Poland, we show that mainstream media can significantly affect religious participation. After nationalist populist party PiS came to power in 2015, news on state and private independent TV diverged due to propaganda on state TV, resulting in a switch of some of its audience to independent TV. Municipalities with access to independent TV continued to follow a long-term secularization trend, while municipalities with access only to state TV experi...
• Customer Capital Spillovers: Evidence from Sales Managers in International Markets AI翻译
  作者：Patault, Berengere; Lenoir, Clemence
  作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
  摘要：Expanding their customer base is crucial for firms to grow. This paper leverages sales managers' job-to-job transitions to better understand how buyer-seller relationships form. Combining unique French firm-to-firm trade data with matched employer-employee data, we perform an event study analysis that exploits the timing of sales managers' transitions from one firm to another for identification. We find recruiting a sales manager increases by 36 percent the probability to export to the buyers ...
• Increasing the Cost of Informal Employment: Evidence from Mexicot AI翻译
  作者：de la Parra, Brenda Samaniego; Bujanda, Leon Fernandez
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Bank of Mexico
  摘要：We estimate the effect of increasing the cost of informal jobs on formal firms' and workers' outcomes. We combine administrative records and household surveys and exploit exogenous variation in the cost of informality generated by over 480,000 random worksite ily increase the probability of being formalized at the inspected firm, but separations also rise. For formal workers, we find temporary increases in the probability of remaining formally employed at the inspected firm and in monthly wage...