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作者：Belloc, Marianna; Drago, Francesco; Fochesato, Mattia; Galbiati, Roberto
作者单位：Sapienza University Rome; University of Catania; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：By using hand-collected data on households'wealth assessments , we study multigenerational mobility in Florence during the late Middle Ages. We find that Florentine society was more mobile than one would expect but also that multigenerational mobility was lower than implied by two-generation estimates. We reconcile these findings by showing their consistency with a model where wealth transmission is governed by an unobserved latent factor. We also show that , given our estimates , this model i...
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作者：Asher, Sam; Novosad, Paul; Rafkin, Charlie
作者单位：Imperial College London; Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study intergenerational mobility in India. We propose a new measure of upward mobility: the expected education rank of a child born to parents in the bottom half of the education distribution. This measure works well under data constraints common in developing countries and historical contexts. Intergenerational mobility in India has been constant and low since before liberalization. Among sons , we observe rising mobility for Scheduled Castes and declining mobility among Muslims. Daughters...
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作者：Dean, Joshua T.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Noisy workplaces common in low- and middle-income countries can impair workers' cognitive functions. However, whether this lowers earnings depends on the importance of these functions for productivity and whether workers understand these effects. I study these questions with two randomized experiments in Nairobi, Kenya. I find a noise increase of 7 dB reduces productivity in a textile training course by 3 percent, impairs cognitive function, but does not affect effort. I also find willingness ...
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作者：Amodio, Francesco; Chiovelli, Giorgio; Hohmann, Sebastian
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; Universidad de Montevideo
摘要：We study the labor market consequences of ethnic politics in African democracies. Using subnational georeferenced data from 15 countries from 1996 to 2017 , we compare individuals from ethnicities linked to parties at the margin of electing a representative in the national parliament. Having a local ethnic party politician in parliament increases the likelihood of being employed by 2 - 3 percentage points. The effect is concentrated in the agricultural sector and mostly driven by self-employme...
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作者：Morten, Melanie; Oliveira, Jaqueline
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A large body of literature studies how infrastructure facilitates trade. We ask whether infrastructure also facilitates migration. Using a general equilibrium trade model and rich spatial data, we study the impact of a large, plausibly exogenous shock to highways in Brazil on both goods and labor markets. We find the highway system increased welfare by 2.8 percent, of which 76 percent was due to reduced trade costs and 24 percent to reduced migration costs. An implication of costly migration i...
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作者：Gallego, Francisco A.; Philippi, Cristian Larroulet; Repetto, Andrea
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of Cambridge; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：This paper examines how improving dental health affects economic, social, and psychological outcomes. In a randomized experiment, we provide a low-income group free dental care, including prostheses, and find significant and persistent impacts on men's and women's dental and self -perceived mental health. For women, treatment generates improvement in self-esteem, a higher likelihood of smiling when photographed, short -run improvements in employment and earnings, and improvement in partner int...
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作者：Cabral, Marika; Dillender, Marcus
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Leveraging unique administrative data and a sharp increase in benefit generosity in a difference-in-differences research design, we estimate the impact of workers' compensation wage replacement benefits on individual behavior and program costs. We find that and increased medical spending. Responses along these two margins are equally important drivers of increased program costs, collectively increasing program costs 1.4 times the mechanical increase in costs. Using these estimates and an estim...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Megalokonomou, Rigissa
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We examine the persistence of teachers' gender biases by following teachers over time in different classes. We find a very high correlation of gender biases for teachers across their classes. We find a substantial impact of gender bias on student performance in university admissions exams , choice of university field of study , and quality of the enrolled program. The effects on university choice outcomes are larger for girls , explaining some gender differences in STEM majors. Teachers with l...
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作者：O'connell, Martin; Smith, Kate
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study how market power impacts the efficiency and redistributive properties of sin taxation, with an empirical application to sugar-sweetened beverage taxation. We estimate an equilibrium model of the UK drinks market, which we embed in a tax design framework to solve for optimal sugar-sweetened beverage tax policy. Positive price-cost margins for drinks create inefficiencies that lower the optimal rate compared with a perfectly competitive setting. Since profits mainly accrue to the rich, ...
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作者：Becker, Sascha O.; Lindenthal, Volker; Mukand, Sharun W.; Waldinger, Fabian
作者单位：Monash University; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Munich; University of Warwick; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Munich
摘要：We study the role of professional networks in facilitating emigration of Jewish academics dismissed from their positions by the Nazi government. We use individual -level exogenous variation in the timing of dismissals to estimate causal effects. Academics with more ties to early emigres ( emigrated 1933-1934 ) were more likely to emigrate. Early emigres functioned as bridging nodes that facilitated emigration to their own destination. We also provide evidence of decay in social ties over time ...
