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作者：Bates, Michael; Dinerstein, Michael; Johnston, Andrew C.; Sorkin, Isaac
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Merced; Stanford University
摘要：We estimate a matching model of teachers and elementary schools with rich data on teachers' applications and principals' ratings from a large, urban district in North Carolina. Both teachers' and principals' preferences deviate from those that would maximize the achievement of economically disadvantaged students: teachers prefer schools with fewer disadvantaged students, and principals' ratings are weakly related to teacher effectiveness. In equilibrium, these two deviations combine to produce...
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作者：Andrew, Alison; Adams, Abi
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：We develop a new methodology to estimate subjective beliefs from hypothetical-choice data. Our identification approach is based on the novel insight that by varying the amount of information on future realizations of stochastic variables, discrete-choice experiments can identify not only preferences but also subjective beliefs. We formally prove this result in a general setting and apply it to design a strategic survey instrument to measure Rajasthani parents' subjective beliefs over the joint...
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作者：Moreno-Medina, Jonathan; Ouss, Aurelie; Bayer, Patrick; Ba, Bocar A.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：This article examines language patterns in U.S. television news coverage of police killings. First, we document that the media use syntactic structures-such as passive voice, nominalizations, and intransitive verbs-that obscure responsibility more often in cases of police killings than in cases of civilian killings. Through an online experiment, we demonstrate the significance of these syntactic differences, revealing that participants are less likely to hold police officers morally responsibl...
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作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Saravia, Estefania
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article examines the impact of denying a wanted abortion on women and children in Colombia using high-quality administrative microdata and credibly exogenous variation in abortion access. Women can seek legal abortions through a tutela, with cases randomly assigned to judges. Female judges are 20 percentage points (32%) less likely to deny abortion cases than are male judges, and we use the judge's sex as an instrument for abortion denial. Denial of a wanted abortion has both immediate an...
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作者：Brynjolfsson, Erik; Li, Danielle; Raymond, Lindsey
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study the staggered introduction of a generative AI-based conversational assistant using data from 5,172 customer-support agents. Access to AI assistance increases worker productivity, as measured by issues resolved per hour, by 15% on average, with substantial heterogeneity across workers. The effects vary significantly across different agents. Less experienced and lower-skilled workers improve both the speed and quality of their output, while the most experienced and highest-skilled worke...
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作者：Kluender, Raymond; Mahoney, Neale; Wong, Francis; Yin, Wesley
作者单位：Harvard University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Munich; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Two in five Americans have medical debt, nearly half of whom owe at least $2,500. Concerned by this burden, governments and private donors have undertaken large, high-profile efforts to relieve medical debt. We partnered with RIP Medical Debt (now Undue Medical Debt) to conduct two randomized experiments that relieved medical debt with a face value of $169 million for 83,401 people between 2018 and 2020. Our experiments focused on downstream medical debt that had been sold to debt collectors, ...
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作者：Fukui, Masao; Nakamura, Emi; Steinsson, Jon
作者单位：Boston University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study the consequences of regime-induced exchange rate depreciations by comparing outcomes for peggers versus floaters to the U.S. dollar in response to a dollar depreciation. Pegger currencies depreciate relative to floater currencies and these depreciations are strongly expansionary. The boom is associated with a fall in net exports, and (if anything) an increase in interest rates in the pegger countries. This suggests that expenditure switching and domestic monetary policy are not the ma...
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作者：Amaral, Sofia; Borker, Girija; Fiala, Nathan; Kumar, Anjani; Prakash, Nishith; Sviatschi, Maria Micaela
作者单位：The World Bank; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; The World Bank; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Connecticut; Northeastern University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of an innovative police patrol program on sexual harassment in public spaces in Hyderabad, India. In collaboration with the Hyderabad City Police, we randomize exposure to police patrols and the visibility of officers by deploying both uniformed and undercover officers across 350 hot spots. To assess the effect, we implement a novel, high-frequency observation exercise to measure sexual harassment at these hot spots, where enumera...
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作者：Gethin, Amory
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This article quantifies the role played by education in the reduction of global poverty. I propose tools for identifying the contribution of schooling to economic growth by income group, integrating imperfect substitution between skill groups into a macroeconomic growth decomposition. I bring this distributional growth accounting framework to the data by exploiting a new microdatabase representative of nearly all of the world's population, new estimates of the private returns to schooling, and...
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作者：Brown, Christina; Kaur, Supreet; Kingdon, Geeta; Schofield, Heather
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; University College London; Cornell University
摘要：Schooling may build human capital not only by teaching academic skills but by expanding the capacity for cognition. We focus specifically on cognitive endurance: the ability to sustain effortful mental activity over a continuous stretch of time. As motivation, we document that globally and in the United States, the poor exhibit cognitive fatigue more quickly than the rich do across field settings; they also attend schools that offer fewer opportunities to practice thinking for continuous stret...
