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作者：Shi, Maggie
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article examines the trade-offs of monitoring for wasteful public spending. By penalizing unnecessary spending, monitoring improves the quality of public expenditure and incentivizes firms to invest in compliance technology. I study a large Medicare program that monitored for unnecessary health care spending and consider its effect on government savings, provider behavior, and patient health. Every dollar Medicare spent on monitoring generated $24-$29 in government savings. The majority o...
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作者：Atkin, David; Faber, Benjamin; Fally, Thibault; Gonzalez-Navarro, Marco
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We propose and implement a new approach that allows us to estimate income-specific changes in household welfare in contexts where well-measured prices are not available for important subsets of consumption. Using rich but widely available expenditure survey microdata, we show that we can recover income-specific equivalent and compensating variations from horizontal shifts in what we call relative Engel curves-as long as preferences fall within the broad quasi-separable class , . Our approach i...
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作者：Alsan, Marcella; Durvasula, Maya; Gupta, Harsh; Schwartzstein, Joshua; Williams, Heidi
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Harvard University
摘要：This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it is more representative of the group being treated. This generates the key result that the perceived benefit of a medicine for a group depends not only on the average benefit from a trial but also on the share of patients from that g...
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作者：Golosov, Mikhail; Graber, Michael; Mogstad, Magne; Novgorodsky, David
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Statistics Norway; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Australian National University
摘要：We study how Americans respond to idiosyncratic and exogenous changes in household wealth and unearned income. Our analyses combine administrative data on U.S. lottery winners with an event study design. We first examine individual and household earnings responses to these windfall gains, finding significant and sizable wealth and income effects. On average, an extra $1 of unearned income in a given period reduces household labor earnings by about 50 cents, decreases total labor taxes by 10 ce...
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作者：Chetty, Raj; Friedman, John N.; Stepner, Michael
作者单位：Harvard University; Brown University; University of Toronto
摘要：We build a publicly available database that tracks economic activity in the United States at a granular level in real time using anonymized data from private companies. We report weekly statistics on consumer spending, business revenues, job postings, and employment rates disaggregated by county, sector, and income group. Using the publicly available data, we show how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the economy by analyzing heterogeneity in its effects across subgroups. High-income individuals ...
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作者：Adamopoulos, Tasso; Brandt, Loren; Chen, Chaoran; Restuccia, Diego; Wei, Xiaoyun
作者单位：York University - Canada; University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Zhejiang University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Frictions that impede the mobility of workers across occupations and space are a prominent feature of developing countries. We disentangle the role of insecure property rights from other labor-mobility frictions for the reallocation of labor from agriculture to nonagriculture and from rural to urban areas. We combine rich household and individual-level panel data from China and an equilibrium quantitative framework featuring sorting of workers across locations and occupations. We explicitly mo...
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作者：Ludwig, Jens; Mullainathan, Sendhil
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：While hypothesis testing is a highly formalized activity, hypothesis generation remains largely informal. We propose a systematic procedure to generate novel hypotheses about human behavior, which uses the capacity of machine learning algorithms to notice patterns people might not. We illustrate the procedure with a concrete application: judge decisions about whom to jail. We begin with a striking fact: the defendant's face alone matters greatly for the judge's jailing decision. In fact, an al...
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作者：Copeland, Adam; Duffie, Darrell; Yang, Yilin (David)
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Stanford University; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：We show that the likelihood of a liquidity crunch in wholesale U.S. dollar funding markets depends on levels of reserve balances at the financial institutions that are the most active intermediaries of these markets. Heightened risk of an imminent liquidity crunch is signaled by significant delays in intraday payments to these large financial institutions over the prior two weeks. Our study contributes to the broader dialogue surrounding the Federal Reserve's ongoing quantitative tightening.
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作者：Blaum, Joaquin
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：I investigate the consequences of firms' joint import and export decisions in the context of large devaluations. I provide empirical evidence that large devaluations are characterized by an increase in the aggregate share of imported inputs in total input spending and by reallocation of resources toward import-intensive firms, contrary to what standard quantitative trade models predict. These facts are explained by the expansion of exporters, which are intense importers. I develop a model wher...
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作者：Kaur, Supreet; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Oh, Suanna; Schilbach, Frank
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Paris School of Economics
摘要：Workers who are worried about their personal finances may find it hard to focus at work. If so, reducing financial concerns could increase productivity. We test this hypothesis in a sample of low-income Indian piece-rate manufacturing workers. We stagger when wages are paid out: some workers are paid earlier and receive a cash infusion while others remain liquidity constrained. The cash infusion leads workers to reduce their financial concerns by immediately paying off debts and buying househo...
