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作者：Caliendo, Lorenzo; Mion, Giordano; Opromolla, Luca David; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban
作者单位：Yale University; University of Sussex; Banco de Portugal; Princeton University
摘要：Using employer-employee matched and firm production quantity and input data for Portuguese firms, we study the endogenous response of productivity to firm reorganizations as measured by changes in the number of management layers. We show that, as a result of an exogenous demand or productivity shock that makes the firm reorganize and add a management layer, quantity-based productivity increases by about 6%, while revenue-based productivity drops by around 3%. Such a reorganization makes the fi...
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作者：Giorcelli, Michela; Moser, Petra
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This paper exploits variation in the adoption of copyrights within Italy-due to the timing of Napoleon's military victories-to investigate the causal effects of copyrights on creativity. Baseline regressions compare changes in opera production across Italian states with and without copyrights. This analysis yields three main results. First, the adoption of copyrights led to a significant increase in the number of newly created operas. Second, copyrights raised the quality of new operas, measur...
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作者：Sotelo, Sebastian
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：I develop a model of agriculture on heterogeneous land to study the relation between trade, productivity, and welfare in Peru, where farmers face high internal and external trade costs. I quantify the model with new data on crop prices, yields, and land allocations. I then measure the effects of changes to trade opportunities. A policy of paving roads raises aggregate productivity (4.9%) and the median farmer's welfare (2.7%), but increased competition from remote suppliers harms 20% of farmer...
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作者：Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Loken, Katrine, V; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Bergen; National Bureau of Economic Research; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Statistics Norway; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Chicago; Statistics Norway
摘要：Using a random judge design and panel data from Norway, we estimate that imprisonment discourages further criminal behavior, with reoffense probabilities falling by 29 percentage points and criminal charges dropping by 11 over a 5-year period. Ordinary least squares mistakenly reaches the opposite conclusion. The decline is driven by individuals not working prior to incarceration; these individuals increase participation in employment programs and raise their future employment and earnings. Pr...
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作者：Anderson, D. Mark; Brown, Ryan; Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Rees, Daniel I.
作者单位：Montclair State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; Yale University
摘要：Exploiting variation across states and municipalities in the timing and details of midwifery laws introduced during the period 1900-1940 and using data assembled from various primary sources, we find that requiring midwives to be licensed reduced maternal mortality by 7%-8% and may have led to modest reductions in infant mortality. These estimates represent the strongest evidence to date that licensing restrictions can improve the health of consumers and are directly relevant to ongoing policy...
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作者：Compiani, Giovanni; Haile, Philip; Sant'Anna, Marcelo
作者单位：University of Chicago; Yale University
摘要：Although an auction of drilling rights is often cited as an example of common values, formal evidence has been limited by the problem of auction-level unobserved heterogeneity. We develop an empirical approach for first-price sealed-bid auctions with affiliated values, unobserved heterogeneity, and endogenous bidder entry. We show that important features of the model are nonparametrically identified and apply a semiparametric estimation approach to data from US offshore oil and gas lease aucti...
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作者：Martellini, Paolo; Menzio, Guido
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：For a search-theoretic model of the labor market, we seek conditions for the existence of a balanced growth path (BGP), where unemployment, vacancy, and worker's transitions rates remain constant in the face of improvements in the production and search technologies. A BGP exists iff firm-worker matches are inspection goods and the quality of a match is drawn from a Pareto distribution. Declining search frictions contribute to growth with an intensity determined by the tail coefficient of the P...
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作者：Aizawa, Naoki; Fang, Hanming
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania; ShanghaiTech University
摘要：We present and empirically implement an equilibrium labor market search model where risk-averse workers facing medical expenditure shocks are matched with firms making health insurance coverage decisions. We use our estimated model to evaluate the equilibrium impact of many health care reform proposals, including the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA). We use the estimates of the early impact of the ACA as a model validation. We find that income-based subsidies for health insurance premiums are cr...
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作者：Cappelen, Alexander; List, John; Samek, Anya; Tungodden, Bertil
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Chicago; Australian National University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
摘要：We present results from the first study to examine the causal impact of early-childhood education on the social preferences of children. We compare children who, at 3-4 years old, were randomized into either a full-time preschool, a parenting program, or a control group. We returned to the children when they reached 6-8 years of age and conducted a series of incentivized experiments to elicit their social preferences. We find that early-childhood education has a strong causal impact on social ...
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作者：Ito, Koichiro; Zhang, Shuang
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We develop a framework to estimate willingness to pay for clean air from defensive investments on differentiated products. Applying this framework to scanner data on air purifier sales in China, we find that a household is willing to pay $1.34 annually to remove 1 mu g/m(3) of air pollution (PM10) and $32.7 annually to eliminate the pollution induced by the Huai River heating policy. Substantial heterogeneity is explained by income and exposure to information on air pollution. Using these esti...
