Onset of cavitation and vapor bubble development over hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Lin, Chensen; Maxey, Martin R.; Li, Zhen; Zhang, Kaixuan; Karniadakis, George Em
• 署名单位: Fudan University; Brown University; Clemson University; Nankai University
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-10327
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2503033122
• 发表日期: 2025-07-08
• 关键词: water; fluid; evaporation; nucleation; interface; models

摘要

Cavitation, the formation of vapor bubbles as the liquid pressure is reduced below the saturated vapor pressure, often requires a substantial negative relative pressure in a pure liquid. Classical nucleation theory (CNT) provides an estimate for the rate of cavitation but there is often a disconnect between the predictions at the molecular scale compared to observations at the macroscale. We report on mesoscale simulations of cavitation based on many-body dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD), a coarsegrained molecular dynamics (MD), which bridges the two scales. A liquid layer is confined between smooth planar walls at a constant temperature, while the pressure is reduced slowly by expanding the wall-bounded domain. The wetting properties of the liquid are determined by the parameters of the interaction potentials. With hydrophilic walls, homogeneous nucleation is observed in the liquid bulk. As a bubble forms and grows, it creates a strong pressure pulse and oscillations that cause other bubbles that particles, heterogeneous nucleation readily occurs, where fluctuations and the merger of transient surface bubbles are significant.