Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Kinetic coevolutionary models predict the temporal emergence of HIV-1 resistance mutations under drug selection pressure AI翻译
  作者：Biswas, Avik; Choudhuri, Indrani; Arnold, Eddy; Lyumkis, Dmitry; Haldane, Allan; Levy, Ronald M.
  作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; Salk Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University
  摘要：Drug resistance in HIV type 1 (HIV - 1) is a pervasive problem that affects the lives of millions of people worldwide. Although records of drug- resistant mutations (DRMs) have been extensively tabulated within public repositories, our understanding of the evolutionary kinetics of DRMs and how they evolve together remains limited. Epistasis, the interaction between a DRM and other residues in HIV - 1 protein sequences, is key to the temporal evolution of drug resistance. We use a Potts sequenc...
• A wireless, implantable bioelectronic system for monitoring urinary bladder function following surgical recovery AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Jihye; Bury, Matthew I.; Kwon, Kyeongha; Yoo, Jae - Young; Halstead, Nadia, V; Shin, Hee-Sup; Li, Shupeng; Won, Sang Min; Seo, Min-Ho; Wu, Yunyun; Park, Do Yun; Kini, Mitali; Kwak, Jean Won; Madhvapathy, Surabhi R.; Ciatti, Joanna L.; Lee, Jae Hee; Kim, Suyeon; Ryu, Hanjun; Yamagishi, Kento; Yoon, Hong- Joon; Kwak, Sung Soo; Kim, Bosung; Huang, Yonggang; Halliday, Lisa C.; Cheng, Earl Y.; Ameer, Guillermo A.; Sharma, Arun K.; Rogers, John A.
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Northwestern University; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Pusan National University; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Chung Ang University; Gachon University; Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine
  摘要：Partial cystectomy procedures for urinary bladder-related dysfunction involve long recovery periods, during which urodynamic studies (UDS) intermittently assess lower urinary tract function. However, UDS are not patient - friendly, they exhibit user - to - user variability, and they amount to snapshots in time, limiting the ability to collect continuous, longitudinal data. These procedures also pose the risk of catheter - associated urinary tract infections, which can progress to ascending pye...
• We need a solid scientific basis for nature- based climate solutions in the United States AI翻译
  作者：Novick, Kimberly A.; Keenan, Trevor F.; Anderegg, William R. L.; Normile, Caroline P.; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Oldfield, Emily E.; Shrestha, Gyami; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Evans, Margaret E. K.; Randerson, James T.; Sanderman, Jonathan; Torn, Margaret S.; Trugman, Anna T.; Williams, Christopher A.
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Environmental Defense Fund; University of Arizona; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Clark University
• Femtosecond pulsed laser photodynamic therapy activates melanin and eradicates malignant melanoma AI翻译
  作者：Pires, Layla; Khattak, Shireen; Pratavieira, Sebastiao; Calcada, Carla; Romano, Renan; Yucel, Yeni; Bagnato, Vanderlei S.; Kurachi, Cristina; Wilson, Brian C.
  作者单位：University of Toronto; University Health Network Toronto; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Universidade de Sao Paulo; University of Toronto; Saint Michaels Hospital Toronto; University of British Columbia; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Toronto
  摘要：Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on a series of photophysical and photochemical reactions leading to cell death. While effective for various cancers, PDT has been less successful in treating pigmented melanoma due to high light absorption by melanin. Here, this limitation is addressed by 2- photon excitation of the photosensitizer (2p - PDT) using -100 fs pulses of near- infrared laser light. A critical role of melanin in enabling rather than hindering 2p - PDT is elucidated using pigmented a...
• Cell division machinery drives cell- specific gene activation during differentiation in Bacillus subtilis AI翻译
  作者：Chareyre, Sylvia; Li, Xuesong; Anjuwon, Brandon R.; Updegrove, Taylor B.; Clifford, Sarah; Brogan, Anna P.; Su, Yijun; Zhang, Lixia; Chen, Jiji; Shroff, Hari; Ramamurthia, Kumaran S.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering (NIBIB); Howard Hughes Medical Institute; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA
  摘要：When faced with starvation, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis transforms itself into a dormant cell type called a spore. Sporulation initiates with an asymmetric division event, which requires the relocation of the core divisome components FtsA and FtsZ, after which the sigma factor aF is exclusively activated in the smaller daughter cell. Compartment- specific activation of aF requires the SpoIIE phosphatase, which displays a biased localization on one side of the asymmetric division septum and...
• Dislocation flow turbulence simultaneously enhances strength and ductility AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Yang; Feng, Hui; Li, Jia; Liu, Bin; Jiang, Chao; Liu, Yong; Fang, Qihong; Liaw, Peter K.
  作者单位：Hunan University; Central South University; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
  摘要：Multi- principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit outstanding strength attributed to the complex dislocation dynamics as compared to conventional alloys. Here, we develop an atomic- lattice- distortion- dependent discrete dislocation dynamics framework consisted of random field theory and phenomenological dislocation model to investigate the fundamental deformation mechanism underlying massive dislocation motions in body- centered cubic MPEA. Amazingly, the turbulence of dislocation speed is ide...
• Arrhythmia in the earth's pulse: Bird migration timing does not track advancing spring phenology AI翻译
  作者：Kelly, Jeffrey F.; Cimprich, Paula M.
  作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
• Hominin population bottleneck coincided with migration from Africa during the Early Pleistocene ice age transition AI翻译
  作者：Muttoni, Giovanni; Kent, Dennis V.
  作者单位：University of Milan; Columbia University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
  摘要：Two recently published analyses make cases for severe bottlenecking of human populations occurring in the late Early Pleistocene, one case at about 0.9 Mya based on a genomic analysis of modern human populations and the low number of hominin sites of this age in Africa and the other at about 1.1 Mya based on an age inventory of sites of hominin presence in Eurasia. Both models point to climate change as the bottleneck trigger, albeit manifested at very different times, and have implications fo...
• Root- exuded specialized metabolites reduce arsenic toxicity in maize AI翻译
  作者：Caggia, Veronica; Waelchli, Jan; Deslandes-Herold, Gabriel; Mateo, Pierre; Robert, Christelle A. M.; Guan, Hang; Bigalke, Moritz; Spielvogel, Sandra; Mestrot, Adrien; Schlaeppi, Klaus; Erb, Matthias
  作者单位：University of Bern; University of Basel; University of Bern; Technical University of Darmstadt; University of Kiel; Helmholtz Association; Research Center Julich
  摘要：By releasing specialized metabolites, plants modify their environment. Whether and how specialized metabolites protect plants against toxic levels of trace elements is not well understood. We evaluated whether benzoxazinoids, which are released into the soil by major cereals, can confer protection against arsenic toxicity. Benzoxazinoid-producing maize plants performed better in arsenic- contaminated soils than benzoxazinoid- deficient mutants in the greenhouse and the field. Adding benzoxazin...
• Electronic diffusion in a normal state of high-Tc cuprate YBa2Cu3O6+x AI翻译
  作者：Kokalja, Jure
  作者单位：Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts (SASA); Jozef Stefan Institute; University of Ljubljana
  摘要：The bad metallic phase with resistivity above the Mott-Ioffe-Regel (MIR) limit, which appears also in cuprate superconductors, was recently understood by cold atom and computer simulations of the Hubbard model via charge susceptibility and charge diffusion constant. However, since reliable simulations can be typically done only at temperatures above the experimental temperatures, the question for cuprate superconductors is still open. This paper addresses this question by resorting to heat tra...