Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• 3D observations provide striking findings in rubber elasticity AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Zifan; Das, Shuvrangsu; Joshi, Akshay; Shaikeea, Angkur J. D.; Deshpande, Vikram S.
  作者单位：University of Cambridge
  摘要：The mechanical response of rubbers has been ubiquitously assumed to be only a function of the imposed strain. Using innovative X - ray measurements capturing the three - dimensional spatial volumetric strain fields, we demonstrate that rubbers and indeed many common engineering polymers undergo significant local volume changes. But remarkably, the overall specimen volume remains constant regardless of the imposed loading. This strange behavior which also leads to apparent negative local bulk m...
• QnAs with Bruce W. Stillman, Roberta S. Fuller, and Jon M. Kaguni AI翻译
  作者：Hardcastle, Matthew
• An encoding generative modeling approach to dimension reduction and covariate adjustment in causal inference with observational studies AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Qiao; Chen, Zhongren; Wong, Wing Hung
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Yale University; Stanford University
  摘要：In this article, we develop CausalEGM, a deep learning framework for nonlinear dimension reduction and generative modeling of the dependency among covariate features affecting treatment and response. CausalEGM can be used for estimating causal effects in both binary and continuous treatment settings. By learning a bidirectional transformation between the high-dimensional covariate space and a low-dimensional latent space and then modeling the dependencies of different subsets of the latent var...
• Rapid vertebrate speciation via isolation, bottlenecks, and drift AI翻译
  作者：Black, Andrew N.; Heenkenda, Erangi J.; Mathur, Samarth; Willoughby, Janna R.; Pierce, Brian L.; Turner, Sarah J.; Rizzuto, David; DeWoody, Andrew
  作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Auburn University System; Auburn University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Purdue University System; Purdue University
  摘要：Speciation is often driven by selective processes like those associated with viability, mate choice, or local adaptation, and speciation genes have been identified in eukaryotic lineages. In contrast, neutral processes are rarely considered as the primary drivers of speciation, especially over short evolutionary timeframes. Here, we describe a rapid vertebrate speciation event driven primarily by genetic drift. The White pupfish ( Cyprinodon tularosa ) is endemic to New Mexico's Tularosa Basin...
• Ca2+- sensor ALG-2 engages ESCRTs to enhance lysosomal membrane resilience to osmotic stress AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Wei; Motsinger, Madeline M.; Li, Jiaqian; Bohannon, Kevin P.; Ab, Phyllis I. Hanson
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Lysosomes are central players in cellular catabolism, signaling, and metabolic lation. Cellular and environmental stresses that damage lysosomal membranes compromise their function and release toxic content into the cytoplasm. Here, examine how cells respond to osmotic stress within lysosomes. Using sensitive assays of lysosomal leakage and rupture, we examine acute effects of the osmotic disruptant glycyl - L - phenylalanine 2 - naphthylamide (GPN). Our findings reveal that low concentrations...
• Modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics of ligand-coated particle flow in targeted drug delivery processes AI翻译
  作者：Goraya, Shoaib A.; Ding, Shengzhe; Miller, Ryan C.; Arif, Mariam K.; Kong, Hyunjoon; Masud, Arif
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：Nanoparticles tethered with vasculature-binding epitopes have been used to deliver the drug into injured or diseased tissues via the bloodstream. However, the extent that blood flow dynamics affects nanoparticle retention at the target site after adhesion needs to be better understood. This knowledge gap potentially underlies significantly different therapeutic efficacies between animal models and humans. An experimentally validated mathematical model that accurately simulates the effects of b...
• Reply to Carrapa et al.: Central Puna uplift: Addressing criticisms, affirming conclusions AI翻译
  作者：Pingel, Heiko; Alonso, Ricardo N.; Bookhagen, Bodo; Cottle, John M.; Mulch, Andreas; Rohrmann, Alexander; Strecker, Manfred R.
  作者单位：University of Potsdam; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Goethe University Frankfurt; Free University of Berlin
• Stabilized trimeric peptide immunogens of the complete HIV-1 gp41 N- heptad repeat and their use as HIV-1 vaccine candidates AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Chengwei; Raheem, Izzat T.; Nahas, Debbie D.; Citron, Michael; Kim, Peter S.; Montefiori, David C.; Ottinger, Elizabeth A.; Hepler, Robert W.; Hrin, Renee; Patel, Sangita B.; Soisson, Stephen M.; Joyce, Joseph G.
  作者单位：Merck & Company; Merck & Company USA; Merck & Company; Merck & Company USA; Merck & Company; Merck & Company USA; Duke University; Merck & Company; Merck & Company USA; Stanford University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); Johnson & Johnson; Janssen Pharmaceuticals
  摘要：Efforts to develop an HIV - 1 vaccine include those focusing on conserved structural elements as the target of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. MAb D5 binds to a highly conserved hydrophobic pocket on the gp41 N- heptad repeat (NHR) coiled coil and neutralizes through prevention of viral fusion and entry. Assessment of 17-mer and 36-mer NHR peptides presenting the D5 epitope in rodent immunogenicity studies showed that the longer peptide elicited higher titers of neutralizing antibo...
• The potential importance of the built- environment microbiome and its impact on human health AI翻译
  作者：Bosch, Thomas C. G.; Wigley, Mark; Colomina, Beatriz; Bohannan, Brendan; Meggers, Forrest; Amato, Katherine R.; Azad, Meghan B.; Blaser, Martin J.; Brown, Kate; Dominguez-Bello, Maria Gloria; Ehrlich, Stanislav Dusko; Elinav, Eran; Finlay, B. Brett; Geddie, Kate; Geva-Zatorsky, Naama; Giles-Vernick, Tamara; Gros, Philippe; Guillemin, Karen; Haraoui, Louis Patrick; Johnson, Elizabeth; Keck, Frederic; Lorimer, Jamie; McFall-Ngai, Margaret J.; Nichter, Mark; Pettersson, Sven; Poinar, Hendrik; Rees, Tobias; Tropini, Carolina; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Zhao, Liping; Melby, Melissa K.
  作者单位：University of Kiel; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Columbia University; Princeton University; University of Oregon; Princeton University; Northwestern University; University of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of London; University College London; Weizmann Institute of Science; Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; McGill University; University of Oregon; University of Sherbrooke; Cornell University; Universite PSL; College de France; University of Oxford; California Institute of Technology; University of Arizona; Nanyang Technological University; McMaster University; University of British Columbia; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of Delaware
  摘要：There is increasing evidence that interactions between microbes and their hosts not only play a role in determining health and disease but also in emotions, thought, and behavior. Built environments greatly influence microbiome exposures because of their built - in highly specific microbiomes coproduced with myriad metaorganisms including humans, pets, plants, rodents, and insects. Seemingly static built structures host complex ecologies of microorganisms that are only starting to be mapped. T...
• Liquid-liquid transition and ice crystallization in a machine- learned coarse- grained water model AI翻译
  作者：Dhabal, Debdas; Kumar, Rajat; Molinero, Valeria
  作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Guwahati
  摘要：Mounting experimental evidence supports the existence of a liquid-liquid transition (LLT) in high - pressure supercooled water. However, fast crystallization of supercooled water has impeded identification of the LLT line T LL ( p ) in experiments. While the most accurate all - atom (AA) water models display a LLT, their computational cost limits investigations of its interplay with ice formation. Coarse - grained (CG) models provide over 100 - fold computational efficiency gain over AA models...