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作者：Shain, Cory; Meister, Clara; Pimentel, Tiago; Cotterell, Ryan; Levy, Roger
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Cambridge
摘要：During real-time language comprehension, our minds rapidly decode complex meanings from sequences of words. The difficulty of doing so is known to be related to words' contextual predictability, but what cognitive processes do these predictability effects reflect? In one view, predictability effects reflect facilitation due to anticipatory processing of words that are predictable from context. This view predicts a linear effect of predictability on processing demand. In another view, predictab...
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作者：Dai, Biwei; Seljak, Uros
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We propose Multiscale Flow, a generative Normalizing Flow that creates samples and models the field -level likelihood of two-dimensional cosmological data such as weak lensing. Multiscale Flow uses hierarchical decomposition of cosmological fields via a wavelet basis and then models different wavelet components separately as Normalizing Flows. The log -likelihood of the original cosmological field can be recovered by summing over the log -likelihood of each wavelet term. This decomposition all...
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作者：Mei, Qiaozhu; Xie, Yutong; Yuan, Walter; Jackson, Matthew O.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University; The Santa Fe Institute
摘要：We administer a Turing test to AI chatbots. We examine how chatbots behave in a suite of classic behavioral games that are designed to elicit characteristics such as trust, fairness, risk-aversion, cooperation, etc., as well as how they respond to a traditional Big5 psychological survey that measures personality traits. ChatGPT-4 exhibits behavioral and personality traits that are statistically indistinguishable from a random human from tens of thousands of human subjects from more than 50 cou...
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作者：Tian, Lu; Li, Yini; Shi, Yigong
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Westlake University; Westlake Laboratory; Westlake University; Westlake University
摘要：The onset of apoptosis is characterized by a cascade of caspase activation, where initiator caspases are activated by a multimeric adaptor complex known as the apoptosome. In Drosophila melanogaster, the initiator caspase Dronc undergoes autocatalytic activation in the presence of the Dark apoptosome. Despite rigorous investigations, the activation mechanism for Dronc remains elusive. Here, we report the cryo- EM structures of an auto- inhibited Dark monomer and a single- layered, multimeric D...
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作者：Zito, Antonino; Lee, Jeannie T.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：MECP2, CDKL5, and FMR1 are three X- linked neurodevelopmental genes associated with Rett, CDKL5- , and fragile- X syndrome, respectively. These syndromes are char-acterized by distinct constellations of severe cognitive and neurobehavioral anomalies, reflecting the broad but unique expression patterns of each of the genes in the brain. As these disorders are not thought to be neurodegenerative and may be reversible, a major goal has been to restore expression of the functional proteins in the ...
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作者：Zhu, Ziheng; Chen, Shi; Zhang, Chongyu; Lu, Xi; Zhang, Xiliang; Zhang, Xiaoye; Davidson, Michael R.
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; China Meteorological Administration; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS); University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：China has committed to achieve net carbon neutrality by 2060 to combat global climate change, which will require unprecedented deployment of negative emissions technologies, renewable energies (RE), and complementary infrastructure. At terawattscale deployment, land use limitations interact with operational and economic features of power systems. To address this, we developed a spatially resolved resource assessment and power systems planning optimization that models a full year of power syste...
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作者：Stokes, Leah C.; Franzblau, Emma; Lovering, Jessica R.; Miljanich, Chris
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作者：Xu, Ting; Chen, Zhiyi; Zhou, Xinqi; Wang, Lan; Zhou, Feng; Yao, Dezhong; Zhou, Bo; Becker, Benjamin
作者单位：Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; Army Medical University; Southwest University - China; Southwest University - China; Sichuan Normal University; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong
摘要：Accumulating evidence suggests that the brain renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cognition and behavior as well as in the neuropathology of neurological and mental disorders. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) mediates most functional and neuropathology-relevant actions associated with the central RAS. However, an overarching comprehension to guide translation and utilize the therapeutic potential of the central RAS in humans is currently lacking. W...
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作者：Jiang, Shicheng; Gudem, Mahesh; Kowalewski, Markus; Dorfman, Konstantin
作者单位：East China Normal University; Stockholm University; Hainan University; Hainan University
摘要：We theoretically propose a multidimensional high -harmonic echo spectroscopy technique which utilizes strong optical fields to resolve coherent electron dynamics spanning an energy range of multiple electronvolts. Using our recently developed semiperturbative approach, we can describe the coherent valence electron dynamics driven by a sequence of phase -matched and well -separated short few -cycle strong infrared laser pulses. The recombination of tunnel -ionized electrons by each pulse cohere...
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作者：Croswell, Ken
