Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• More 26S and 30S proteasomes are beneficial in proteinopathy AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Youngwon; Kim, Namhoon; Lee, Wonjae; Kim, Youbin; Kim, Donghyeon; Park, Jisu; Jung, Yong-Keun
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center
  摘要：Despite the many studies on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, our understanding of the proteasome itself is limited. The balance and regulation of 26S and 30S proteasomes are not yet known. Here, we show that among the proteasome base assembly chaperones, only S5b/PSMD5 determines the levels of proteasome holoenzymes, especially the 30S proteasome, in mammals. In a variety of cell lines and mouse tissues, we found that apart from its role in yeast 19S proteasome assembly, loss of S5b/PSMD5 incr...
• Weighted active space protocol for multireference machine-learned potentials AI翻译
  作者：Seal, Aniruddha; Perego, Simone; Hennefarth, Matthew R.; Raucci, Umberto; Bonati, Luigi; Ferguson, Andrew L.; Parrinello, Michele; Gagliardi, Laura
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - IIT; University of Chicago
  摘要：Multireference methods such as multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory accurately capture electronic correlation in systems with strong multiconfigurational character, but their cost precludes direct use in molecular dynamics. Combining these methods with machine-learned interatomic potentials (MLPs) can extend their reach. However, the sensitivity of multireference calculations to the choice of the active space complicates the consistent evaluation of energies and gradients across s...
• Endothelial αvβ3 integrin induction during hypoxia protects blood-brain barrier integrity AI翻译
  作者：Halder, Sebok K.; Delorme-Walker, Violaine D.; Milner, Richard
  摘要：The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for maintaining cerebral homeostasis, and its deterioration with age is an important pathogenic factor in the etiology of vascular dementia. Extracellular matrix-integrin interactions play a central role in regulating vascular stability.The alpha v beta 3 integrin is not expressed by brain endothelial cells under stable conditions but is strongly induced by hypoxia. However, it is currently unclear whether alpha v beta 3 integrin exerts a destructive o...
• Giant mobility of surface- trapped ionic charges following liquid tribocharging AI翻译
  作者：Benrahla, Zouhir; Saide, Tristan; Burnaz, Louis; Verneuil, Emilie; Gravelle, Simon; Comtet, Jean
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI); Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
  摘要：The sliding motion of aqueous droplets on hydrophobic surfaces leads to charge separation at the trailing edge, with implications from triple- line friction to hydrovoltaic energy generation. Charges deposited on the solid surface have been attributed to ions or electrons ripped off from the liquid drop. However, the dynamics and exact physicochemical nature of these surface- trapped charges remains poorly explored. Here, we take advantage of a scanning- based electrostatic mapping technique, ...
• Posttranscriptional control of the B cell receptor by HuR is essential for innate B cell maintenance and function AI翻译
  作者：Capitan-Sobrino, Dunja; Mouysset, Mailys; Maloudi, Orlane; Aubert, Yann; Osma-Garcia, Ines C.; Nguyen, Trang- My M.; Dunga, Greta; Martin, Maia Nestor -; Mieulet, Virginie; Diaz-Munoz, Manuel D.
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); CHU de Toulouse
  摘要：Innate B-1 cells constitute a self-maintained layer of defense for early detection of bacteria, clearance of apoptotic cell debris, and removal of autoantigens driving auto-immunity. B-1 cells are originated from fetal tissues, but, as opposed to B-2 cells, the molecular mechanisms behind their development and homeostatic maintenance remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that posttranscriptional regulation by the RNA binding protein HuR is essential for the homeostatic self-replenishmen...
• Subtype- specific structural features of the hearing loss- associated human P2X2 receptor AI翻译
  作者：Westermann, Franka G.; Oken, Adam C.; Granith, Philip K. E.; Marimuthu, Parthiban; Mueller, Christa E.; Mansoor, Steven E.
  作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Bonn; University of Bonn; Oregon Health & Science University; Abo Akademi University; Abo Akademi University; Oregon Health & Science University
  摘要：The P2X2 receptor (P2X2R) is a slowly desensitizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated ion channel that is highly expressed in the cochlea. When mutated, the P2X2R exacerbates age-and noise-related hearing loss, but selective modulators of the receptor are lacking, and the molecular basis of activation and desensitization remains poorly understood. Here, we determine high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structures of the full-length wild-type human P2X2R in an apo closed state and two disti...
• Cohort mortality forecasts indicate signs of deceleration in life expectancy gains AI翻译
  作者：Andrade, Jose; Camarda, Carlo Giovanni; Arolas, Hector Pifarre
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
  摘要：trend will continue or life expectancy gains will decelerate in the near future remains unclear. To answer this question, we apply multiple established and recently developed mortality forecasting methods to estimate cohort life expectancy for individuals born between 1939 and 2000 in 23 high-income countries. Across all forecasting methods, our results robustly and consistently indicate a deceleration in cohort life expectancy. The previously observed pace of improvement, 0.46 y per cohort, d...
• Shared metabolism between a bacterial and fungal species that reside in the human gut AI翻译
  作者：Gause, Haley; Johnson, Alexander D.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
  摘要：The fungal species Candida albicans and the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis are members of the human gut microbiome. To explore the range of interactions between these two species, we utilized dual RNA- sequencing to transcriptionally profile both C. albicans and E. faecalis during coculture (compared with monoculture controls) under two conditions: 1) an in vitro setting that mimics certain features of the gut environment and 2) a gnotobiotic mouse gut model. RNA- seq analysis revealed a larg...
• Thermodynamics of calcium binding to heparin: Implications of solvation and water structuring for polysaccharide biofunctions AI翻译
  作者：Knight, Brenna M.; Gallagher, Connor M. B.; Schulz, Michael D.; Edgar, Kevin J.; McNaul, Caylyn D.; McCutchin, Christina A.; Dove, Patricia M.
  作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
  摘要：Heparan sulfates are found in all animal tissues and have essential roles in living systems. This family of biomacromolecules modulates binding to calcium ions (Ca2+) in low free energy reactions that influence biochemical processes from cell signaling and anticoagulant efficacy to biomineralization. Despite their ubiquity, the thermodynamic basis for how heparans and similarly functionalized biomolecules regulate Ca2+ interactions is not yet established. Using heparosan (Control) and heparins...
• Reconfigurable photothermal doping filament for selective spin manipulation and addressing AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Zhi-Wei; Ma, Meng-Qi; Sun, Bo-Wen; Li, Liang; Jiang, Wang; Zang, Han-Xiang; Bai, Zhe; Dong, Yang; Zhang, Shao-Chun; Chen, Xiang-Dong; Zou, Chong-Wen; Guo, Guang-Can; Sun, Fang-Wen
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Hefei National Laboratory
  摘要：The room temperature manipulation of solid-state spins provides an opportunity to develop quantum applications under ambient conditions. Local electromagnetic fields, that usually produced by current in micro/nanoscale metal wires, have been employed for the coherent driving and addressing of spin qubit. However, the fixed distribution limits the spatial selectivity and efficiency of qubit manipulation, which is of central importance in a scaled-up quantum system. Here, we report a solution by...