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作者：Bacheva, Vesna; Rockwell, Fulton E.; Salmon, Jean - Baptiste; Woodson, Jesse D.; Frank, Margaret H.; Stroock, Abraham D.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University; Harvard University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Bordeaux; CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); University of Arizona; Cornell University
摘要：Local wounding in plants triggers signals that travel locally within the wounded leaf or systemically through the vasculature to distant leaves. Our understanding of the mechanisms of initiation and propagation of this ubiquitous class of signals remains incomplete. Here, we develop a unifying framework based on poroelastic dynamics to study two coupled biophysical processes-propagation of pressure changes and transmission of chemical elicitors via mass flows driven by these pressure changes-a...
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作者：Dickerson, Joshua L.; Naydenova, Katerina; Peet, Mathew J.; Wilson, Hugh; Nandy, Biplob; McMullan, Greg; Morrison, Robert; Russo, Christopher J.
作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology
摘要：The physical limit in determining the atomic structure of biological molecules is radiation damage. In electron cryomicroscopy, there have been numerous attempts to reduce the effects of radiation damage by cooling the specimen beyond liquid-nitrogen temperatures, yet all failed to realize the potential improvement for single-particle structure determination. We have identified the physical causes of information loss at liquid-helium temperatures, and overcome them using a combination of nanos...
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作者：Huang, Tingting; Xie, Wanqing; Guo, Yunlu; Li, Yan; Yin, Jiemin; Jin, Xia; Ma, Yezhi; Zhang, Yueman; Huang, Dan; Chen, Caiyang; Wang, Xin; Zhu, Ziyu; Gan, Yu; Liesz, Arthur; Yu, Weifeng; Yuan, Junying; Li, Peiying
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Munich; University of Munich; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS
摘要：Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte population that play critical roles in neuroinflammation following central nervous system (CNS) injury. CD177, a glycoprotein on neutrophils, is emerging as an important immune regulator which can fundamentally affect multiple human inflammatory diseases. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of CD177 glycobiology of neutrophils in neuroinflammation remain elusive. Here, we show that CD177+neutrophils expand significantly and infiltr...
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作者：Shen, Yuan; O'Byrne, Jeremy; Schoenit, Andreas; Maitra, Ananyo; Mege, Rene-Marc; Voituriez, Raphael; Ladoux, Benoit
作者单位：Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; CY Cergy Paris Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：The collective motion of epithelial cells is a fundamental biological process which plays a significant role in embryogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. While it has been broadly investigated for over a decade both in vivo and in vitro, large-scale coherent flocking phases remain underexplored and have so far been mostly described as fluid. In this work, we report an additional mode of large-scale collective motion for different epithelial cell types in vitro with distinctive featur...
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作者：Che, Shi; Ievlev, Evgenii; Shifman, Mikhail
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：In supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories tension-degenerate domain walls are typical. Adding matter fields in fundamental representation, we arrive at supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics (SQCD) supporting similar walls. We demonstrate that the degenerate domain walls can belong to one of two classes: i) locally distinguishable, i.e. those which differ from each other locally (which could be detected in local measurements); and ii) those which have identical local structure and are differentiate...
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作者：Nchioua, Rayhane; Kmiec, Dorota; Krchlikova, Veronika; Mattes, Sarah; Noettger, Sabrina; Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic; Russell, Ronnie M.; Sparrer, Konstantin M. J.; Charpentier, Thomas; Tardy, Frederic; Bosinger, Steven E.; Sauter, Daniel; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Kirchhoff, Frank
作者单位：Ulm University; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; Helmholtz Association; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Emory University
摘要：Zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is thought to drive the suppression of CpG dinucleotides in many viruses to mimic the composition of their host genomes. However, in vivo evidence is sparse. Here, we investigated the reasons for unusually high CpG levels in SIVmus and SIVmon from mustached and mona monkeys, descendants of one of the precursors of HIV-1. We show that SIVmus is not resistant to ZAP inhibition. Instead, these Cercopithecus monkey hosts differ from other primate species by a sp...
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作者：Olschewski, Sebastian; Spektor, Mikhail S.; Le Mens, Gael
作者单位：University of Basel; University of Warwick; VinUniversity; University of Warwick; Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
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作者：Wijnakker, Joost J. A. P. M.; van Son, Gijs J. F.; Krueger, Daniel; van de Wetering, Willine J.; Lopez-Iglesias, Carmen; Schreurs, Robin; van Rijt, Fenna; Lim, Sangho; Lin, Lin; Peters, Peter J.; Isberg, Ralph R.; Janda, Claudia Y.; de Lau, Wim; Clevers, Hans
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作者：Goldshtein, Aya; Mazar, Omer; Harten, Lee; Amichai, Eran; Assa, Reut; Levi, Anat; Orchan, Yotam; Toledo, Sivan; Nathan, Ran; Yovel, Yossi
作者单位：University of Konstanz; Max Planck Society; University of Konstanz; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：Echolocating bats rely on active acoustic sensing to perceive their environment. When multiple bats fly together, echolocating simultaneously, the calls emitted by nearby conspecifics could interfere with and mask the echoes necessary for orientation. Nowhere is this impairment of sensing more dramatic than when thousands of bats emerge from a cave at the same time. Here, we tracked the movement of tens of greater mouse- tailed bats flying within a group of thousands. By mounting miniature mic...
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作者：Gong, Jeong - Ryeol; Lee, Jungeun; Han, Younghyun; Cho, Kwang-Hyun
作者单位：Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)
摘要：High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) is a predictive biomarker for the responsiveness of cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy that indicates whether immune cells can sufficiently recognize cancer cells as nonself. However, about 30% of all cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) are classified as immune-desert tumors lacking T cell infiltration despite TMB-H. Since the underlying mechanism of these immune-desert tumors has yet to be unraveled, there is a pressing need to tra...
